Diagnostic pathways of 79 individuals prior to their CTNNB1 genetic diagnosis. (A) Standard diagnostic tests performed during diagnostic process. (B) A list of tests to assess suspected, specific genetic diseases that were performed in two or more individuals. (C) A graphical summary of diagnostic pathways of 79 individuals prior to their CTNNB1 genetic diagnosis. Seventy-four single nucleotide variants (SNVs) in CTNNB1 were identified through exome sequencing, targeted next-generation sequencing panels, or genome sequencing. These variants included 31 frameshift, 29 stop-gain, eight canonical splice site, and four missense variants. Two variants (*) were exceptionally identified by targeted sequencing of five intellectual disability genes including CTNNB1.