Figure 2.

(a) Lek formation: output from an agent-based model showing the male-clustering arising from site fidelity and local repulsion interactions. (b) Foraging departures: patterns of departures of lekking males for agent-based models having (i) no social interactions vs (ii) copying interactions among neighbours. It can be seen in the time series that the copying model predicts that the number of foragers shows a steep curve on the time axis. (c) Territory defence: hypothetical trajectories for two examples of how resident lekking males chase an intruder. Red dotted lines represent trajectories before the start of the chase. Blue trajectories show the trajectory after the male begins chasing the intruder. While (i) shows that two males had asynchronous independent chasing, (ii) represents coordinated chasing. (d) (i–iv) Hypothetical trajectories of females corresponding to various female mate-sampling strategies on the lek: (i) random sampling, (ii) best of ‘N’, (iii) threshold-based, and (iv) choice copying.