Table 3.

The original scale of robots’ social presence.

Dimension	Number	Item	References
Perceived presence	1	During the interaction with the social robot, I noticed it	29,52
	2	The social presence of robots is obvious to me
	3	I think social robots receive my attention in interactions
	4	I think that when interacting with robots, we co-exist in the space in the present moment	53
Interaction behaviour perception	5	It helped me in the process of interacting with the social robots	27
	6	I was able to work with social robots to complete a job
	7	The behaviour of a social robot is based on my behaviour	29,33
	8	The behaviour of a social robot during an interaction is closely related to my behaviour
Interactive expression and information understanding	9	I do not think the social robot understands my expressions when I interact with it	29,33
	10	I think I am able to clearly express my thoughts to a social robot*
	11	I think social robots are able understand my thoughts correctly
	12	I think I am able to communicate with social robots through language
Perceived emotional interdependence	13	I think the social robots in our interactions affected how I felt	26,30
	14	The mood of the robot affects the mood of our interaction*
	15	The attitude of the robot during the interaction influenced my feelings
	16	I felt the atmosphere between us during the interaction
Attention allocation	17	It is easy for me to become distracted from interacting with the robot when other things are going on	27,29;
	18	Social robots are easily distracted when interacting
	19	When interacting with a social robot I think it is watching my actions too*
	20	I keep an eye on the social robot as I interact with it
Emotional understanding and expressiveness	21	I am well aware of the emotions of social robots*	27,29;
	22	I think social robots can sense my emotions*
	23	I think social robots show emotions when they interact with me*
	24	We can correctly interpret each other’s emotions*	19

The whole scale is the initial scale developed according to the initial model.

*indicates that the questions deleted after three rounds of survey.

Non *questions are the items left after deletion.