Table 6.
Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis of factors associated with Salmonella and Shigella infection among under-five children at public health facilities in Debre Markos town, 2022.
| Variable | Salmonella or Shigella infection | COR (95% CL) | P-value | AOR (95% CL) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yes (%) | No (%) | |||||
| Child sex | ||||||
| Male | 11 (42.3) | 106 (54.1) | 0.623 (0.272, 1.424) | 0.262 | - | - |
| Female | 15 (57.7) | 90 (45.9) | 1 | |||
| Child age (in months) | ||||||
| 37–59 | 8 (30.8) | 82 (41.8) | 0.663 (0.202, 2.174) | 0.498 | - | - |
| 13–36 | 13 (50.0) | 80 (40.8) | 1.105 (0.365, 3.342) | 0.860 | ||
| 6–12 | 5 (19.2) | 34 (17.3) | 1 | |||
| Attendance of the child at daycare (KG) | ||||||
| Yes | 5 (19.2) | 58 (29.6) | 0.567 (0.204, 1.575) | 0.276 | - | - |
| No | 21 (80.8) | 138 (70.4) | 1 | |||
| Parent/guardian age (in years) | ||||||
| < 29 | 6 (23.1) | 93 (47.4) | 0.335 (0.95, 1.187) | 0.090+ | 0.806 | |
| 30–39 | 15 (57.7) | 77 (39.3) | 1.013 (0.335, 3.060) | 0.982 | ||
| >40 | 5 (19.2) | 26 (13.3) | 1 | |||
| Parent/guardian educational level | ||||||
| Elementary and below | 15 (57.7) | 36 (18.4) | 6.061 (2.570, 14.293) | < 0.0001+ | 3.78 (1.28, 11.19) | 0.016++ |
| Secondary and above | 11 (42.3) | 160 (81.6) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Number of under-five children in the family | ||||||
| Two and above | 15 (57.7) | 26 (13.3) | 8.916 (3.696, 21.511) | < 0.0001+ | 8.999 (2.92, 27.69) | < 0.0001++ |
| One | 11 (42.3) | 170 (86.7) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Parent/guardian occupation | ||||||
| civil servant | 8 (30.8) | 79 (40.3) | 0.871 (0.268, 2.827) | 0.818 | - | - |
| Self-employed | 13 (50.0) | 74 (37.8) | 1.511 (0.504, 4.528) | 0.461 | ||
| Housewife | 5 (19.2) | 43 (21.9) | 1 | |||
| Family size in the household | ||||||
| 5–7 | 17 (65.4) | 67 (34.2) | 3.637 (1.539, 8.596) | 0.003+ | 2.56 (0.78, 8.46) | 0.122 |
| 2–4 | 9 (34.6) | 129 (65.8) | 1 | |||
| Child's history of diarrhea in the last month | ||||||
| Yes | 5 (19.2) | 40 (20.4) | 0.929 (0.330, 2.615) | 0.888 | - | - |
| No | 21 (80.8) | 156 (79.6) | 1 | |||
| Child nutritional status | ||||||
| Under-nutrition | 19 (73.1) | 79 (40.3) | 4.020 (1.614, 10.010) | 0.003+ | 1.09 (0.32, 3.70) | 0.888 |
| Normal | 7 (26.9) | 117 (59.7) | 1 | |||
| House floor material | ||||||
| Poor | 6 (23.1) | 8 (4.1) | 7.050 (2.222, 22.366) | 0.001+ | 1.36 (0.20, 9.45) | 0.755 |
| Good | 20 (76.9) | 188 (95.9) | 1 | |||
| Hand washing facility near the latrine | ||||||
| No | 18 (69.2) | 90 (45.9) | 2.650 (1.100, 6.382) | 0.030+ | 1.67 (0.53, 5.23) | 0.379 |
| Yes | 8 (30.8) | 106 (54.1) | 1 | |||
| Parent/guardian hand washing habit after toilet | ||||||
| Sometimes or no | 8 (30.8) | 36 (18.4) | 1.975 (0.797, 4.897) | 0.142+ | 0.92 (0.22, 3.82) | 0.907 |
| Usually or always | 18 (69.2) | 160 (81.6) | 1 | |||
| Presence of a separate waste disposal system | ||||||
| No | 17 (65.4) | 69 (35.2) | 3.477 (1.472, 8.212) | 0.004+ | 1.68 (0.52, 5.42) | 0.386 |
| Yes | 9 (34.6) | 127 (64.8) | 1 | |||
| The habit of washing a child's hands after child defecation | ||||||
| Sometimes or no | 9 (34.6) | 43 (21.9) | 1.884 (0.785, 4.523) | 0.156+ | 0.94 (0.26, 3.36) | 0.926 |
| Usually or always | 17 (65.4) | 153 (78.1) | 1 | |||
| Hand-washing habit before feeding the child | ||||||
| Sometimes or no | 9 (34.6) | 21 (10.7) | 4.412 (1.747, 11.138) | 0.002+ | 2.58 (0.54, 12.37) | 0.238 |
| Usually or always | 17 (65.4) | 175 (89.3) | 1 | |||
| Source of drinking water | ||||||
| Unimproved | 14 (53.8) | 48 (24.5) | 3.597 (1.558, 8.307) | 0.003+ | 5.01 (1.56, 16.10) | 0.007++ |
| Improved | 12 (46.2) | 148 (75.5) | 1 | 1 | ||
| A habit of storing cooked food for later use | ||||||
| Usually or always | 15 (57.7) | 45 (23.0) | 4.576 (1.963, 10.666) | < 0.0001+ | 3.199 (1.07, 9.54) | 0.037++ |
| Sometimes or no | 11 (42.3) | 151 (77.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Attendance at social gatherings in the past week | ||||||
| Yes | 17 (65.4) | 57 (29.1) | 4.606 (1.940, 10.937) | < 0.0001+ | 5.387 (1.78, 16.35) | 0.003++ |
| No | 9 (34.6) | 139 (70.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
| Travel history of the child in the past week | ||||||
| Yes | 5 (19.2) | 37 (18.9) | 1.023 (0.362, 2.891) | 0.966 | - | - |
| No | 21 (80.8) | 159 (81.1) | 1 | |||
| The time interval for fingernail trimming | ||||||
| Two weeks and above | 15 (57.7) | 57 (29.1) | 3.325 (1.440, 7.679) | 0.005+ | 4.693 (1.47, 14.94) | 0.009++ |
| Below 2 weeks | 11 (42.3) | 139 (70.9) | 1 | 1 | ||
COR, crude odds ratio; AOR, adjusted odds ratio; CI, confidence interval.
+
Variables with P ≤ 0.25.
++
Variables with P ≤ 0.05.
1, reference category.