TABLE 2.
Baseline characteristics of the overall cohort
| Variable | TM‐negative (n = 249) | TM‐positive (n = 193) | p Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | .203 | ||
| Male | 143 (57.4) | 123 (63.7) | |
| Female | 106 (42.6) | 70 (36.3) | |
| Age (years) | 68.6 (±8.6) | 71.2 (±7.5) | <.001 |
| Follow‐up period (months) | 50.4 (±31.4) | 43.8 (±31.7) | .031 |
| Smoking history | .001 | ||
| Yes | 140 (56.2) | 138 (71.5) | |
| No | 109 (43.8) | 55 (28.5) | |
| Preoperative comorbidity | |||
| COPD | 70 (28.1) | 74 (38.3) | .025 |
| IP | 18 (7.2) | 33 (17.1) | .002 |
| Extent of resection | .261 | ||
| Pneumonectomy | 1 (0.4) | 2 (1.0) | |
| Lobectomy | 183 (73.5) | 128 (66.3) | |
| Segmentectomy | 39 (15.7) | 43 (22.3) | |
| Wedge resection | 26 (10.4) | 20 (10.4) | |
| Pathological tumor size (cm) | 1.5 (±0.9) | 1.8 (±1.1) | <.001 |
| Tumor histology | <.001 | ||
| Adenocarcinoma | 206 (82.7) | 127 (65.8) | |
| Squamous cell carcinoma | 34 (13.7) | 48 (24.9) | |
| Others | 9 (3.6) | 18 (9.3) | |
| Lymphovascular invasion | <.001 | ||
| Yes | 50 (20.1) | 70 (36.3) | |
| No | 194 (77.9) | 119 (61.7) | |
| Not available | 5 (2.0) | 4 (2.1) | |
| Visceral pleural invasion | .001 | ||
| Yes | 38 (15.3) | 54 (28.0) | |
| No | 211 (84.7) | 139 (72.0) | |
| Pathological stage | .005 | ||
| IA1 | 98 (39.4) | 56 (29.0) | |
| IA2 | 75 (30.1) | 49 (25.4) | |
| IA3 | 25 (10.0) | 20 (10.4) | |
| IB | 51 (20.5) | 68 (35.2) | |
| EGFR mutation | <.001 | ||
| Yes | 108 (43.4) | 51 (26.4) | |
| No | 123 (49.4) | 125 (64.8) | |
| Not available | 18 (7.2) | 17 (8.8) | |
| Adjuvant therapy | .102 | ||
| Yes | 19 (7.6) | 7 (3.6) | |
| No | 230 (92.4) | 186 (96.4) | |
| Postoperative recurrence | 15 (6.0) | 34 (17.6) | <.001 |
| Preoperative TM levels | |||
| CEA (ng/ml) | 2.4 (±1.0) | 7.4 (±19.5) | <.001 |
| CYFRA21‐1 (U/ml) | 1.7 (±0.5) | 3.6 (±2.2) | <.001 |
| CA19‐9 (ng/ml) | 11.3 (±7.3) | 34.2 (±35.0) | .008 |
| SCC Ag (ng/ml) | 1.0 (±0.4) | 1.8 (±4.4) | .003 |
Note: Values are presented as n (%) or means (±SDs).
Abbreviations: CA19‐9, carbohydrate antigen 19‐9; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; CYFRA21‐1, cytokeratin‐19 fragment; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; IP, interstitial pneumonia; SCC Ag, squamous cell carcinoma antigen; TM, tumor marker.