Table 5.
Comparison of outcomes in COVID-19 patients with and without dementia
| Outcomes | All patients | With dementia | Without dementia | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality and associated causes, n (%) | ||||
| In-hospital mortality | 1,702 (15.64) | 21 (55.26) | 1,681 (15.50) | <0.001 |
| ARDS | 720 (42.30) | 8 (38.10) | 712 (42.36) | 0.695 |
| Septic shock | 687 (40.36) | 12 (57.14) | 675 (40.15) | 0.115 |
| Multi-organ dysfunction syndrome | 143 (8.40) | 6 (28.57) | 137 (8.15) | 0.006 |
| Acute coronary syndrome | 133 (7.81) | - | 133 (7.91) | 0.402 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 100 (5.88) | 1 (4.76) | 99 (5.89) | 1.000 |
| Brain herniation | 66 (3.88) | − | 66 (3.93) | 1.000 |
| Decompensated heart failure | 42 (2.47) | − | 42 (2.50) | 1.000 |
| Respiratory failure and associated causes, n (%) | ||||
| Respiratory failure | 1,608 (14.78) | 16 (42.11) | 1,592 (14.68) | <0.001 |
| Pneumonia | 891 (55.41) | 5 (31.25) | 886 (55.65) | 0.074 |
| ARDS | 845 (52.55) | 12 (75.00) | 833 (52.32) | 0.071 |
| Shock | 140 (8.71) | 1 (6.25) | 139 (8.73) | 1.000 |
| Central neurological cause | 86 (5.35) | − | 86 (5.40) | 1.000 |
| Pulmonary edema | 32 (1.99) | − | 32 (2.01) | 1.000 |
| Pulmonary embolism | 19 (1.18) | − | 19 (1.19) | 1.000 |
| DVD | ||||
| Sample, n | 1,606 | 16 | 1,590 | |
| Median (IQR) | 13 (12) | 16 (18.5) | 13 (12) | 0.137 |
| ICU admission and reasons for admission, n (%) | ||||
| ICU admission | 1,740 (15.99) | 18 (47.37) | 1,722 (15.88) | <0.001 |
| ARDS | 930 (53.45) | 13 (72.22) | 917 (53.25) | 0.108 |
| Shock | 177 (10.17) | 3 (16.67) | 174 (10.10) | 0.418 |
| Impaired level of consciousness | 109 (6.26) | − | 109 (6.33) | 0.623 |
| Acute myocardial infarction | 78 (4.48) | − | 78 (4.53) | 1.000 |
| Acute kidney injury necessitating dialysis | 73 (4.20) | − | 73 (4.24) | 1.000 |
| Treatment-related indication | 70 (4.02) | − | 70 (4.07) | 1.000 |
| Acute stroke | 56 (3.22) | 2 (11.11) | 54 (3.14) | 0.112 |
| Cardiac arrhythmia | 36 (2.07) | − | 36 (2.09) | 1.000 |
| Post-cardiac arrest | 23 (1.32) | − | 23 (1.34) | 1.000 |
| Cerebral edema | 18 (1.03) | − | 18 (1.05) | 1.000 |
| Venous thromboembolism | 13 (0.75) | − | 13 (0.75) | 1.000 |
| LICUS | ||||
| Sample, n | 1,737 | 18 | 1,719 | |
| Median (IQR) | 15 (11) | 18 (13) | 15 (12) | 0.301 |
| LHS | ||||
| Sample, n | 10,881 | 38 | 10,843 | |
| Median (IQR) | 13 (9) | 19.5 (10) | 13 (9) | 0.001 |
IQR, interquartile range; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ICU, intensive care unit.