Table 1.
Participant characteristics and mean and standard deviation for study variables at baseline
| Variables | Total*
(n = 261) |
Cognitively Stable (n = 192) |
MCI-DS (n = 40) |
Dementia (n = 29) |
F value (p) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex, No. (%) | 2.585 (0.077) | ||||
| Male | 134 (51%) | 97 (51%) | 26 (65%) | 11 (38%) | |
| Female | 127 (49%) | 95 (49%) | 14 (35%) | 18 (62%) | |
| Premorbid ID, No. (%) | 0.188 (0.829) | ||||
| Mild | 144 (55%) | 110 (57%) | 18 (45%) | 16 (55%) | |
| Moderate | 90 (34%) | 61 (32%) | 20 (50%) | 9 (31%) | |
| Severe/Profound | 27 (10%) | 21 (11%) | 2 (5.0%) | 4 (14%) | |
| Karyotype, No. (%) | 0.146 (0.864) | ||||
| Trisomy | 225 (90%) | 166 (90%) | 34 (89%) | 25 (93%) | |
| Mosaicism | 8 (3.2%) | 5 (2.7%) | 2 (5.3%) | 1 (3.7%) | |
| Translocation | 16 (6.4%) | 13 (7.1%) | 2 (5.3%) | 1 (3.7%) | |
| APOE ε4, No. (%) | 64 (25%) | 39 (21%) | 15 (36.6%) | 10 (36%) | 4.267 (0.015) |
| Age in years, M (SD) | 44.72 (9.16) | 41.87 (8.57) | 51.75 (5.60) | 53.90 (4.54) | 48.733 (<0.001) |
| Ethnicity, No. (%) | 1.133 (0.324) | ||||
| Not Hispanic or Latino | 250 (95.8%) | 182 (94.8%) | 40 (100%) | 28 (96.6%) | |
| Hispanic or Latino | 11 (4.2%) | 10 (5.2%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (3.4%) | |
| Height in meters, M (SD) | 1.51 (0.09) | 1.52 (0.09) | 1.53 (0.08) | 1.46 (0.09) | 4.972 (0.008) |
| Weight in kilograms, M (SD) | 71.86 (16.6) | 73.48 (16.45) | 68.43 (17.88) | 66.03 (13.96) | 3.530 (0.031) |
| Body mass index, M (SD) | 31.46 (7.07) | 32.12 (7.33) | 29.02 (6.49) | 30.55 (5.22) | 3.467 (0.033) |
| Amyloid-β in centiloids, M (SD) | 17.53 (30.77) | 10.74 (20.48) | 60.48 (36.81) | 108.23 (35.49) | 52.512 (<0.001) |
| Tau Composite in SUVr, M (SD) | 1.17 (0.22) | 1.13 (0.13) | 1.65 (0.42) | 1.68 (0.37) | 44.186 (<0.001) |
| DSMSE, M (SD) | 60.13 (15.06) | 64.20 (12.24) | 54.74 (11.36) | 38.96 (17.94) | 49.925 (<0.001) |
| mCRT, M (SD) | 27.38 (10.77) | 31.63 (6.36) | 18.13 (10.16) | 8.13 (10.01) | 137.933 (<0.001) |
M, mean; SD, standard deviation; ID, intellectual disability; DSMSE, Down Syndrome Mental Status Examination; mCRT, modified Cued Recall Test; SUVr, standard update value ratio.
*
Adjusted sample sizes: Karyotype (n = 249), APOE ε4 (n = 254), Race (n = 256), Height (n = 251), Weight (n = 251), Body mass index (n = 251), Amyloid-β (n = 116), Tau Composite (n = 106), DSMSE (n = 258), Cued Recall (n = 251).