Table 2.
Rheumatic disease characteristics at COVID-19 onset by outpatient SARS-CoV-2 treatment status
|
Outpatient treatment |
No outpatient treatment (n=278) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Any treatment (n=426)* | Nirmatrelvir–ritonavir (n=307) | Monoclonal antibodies (n=105) | |||
| Rheumatic disease diagnosis | |||||
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 212 (50%) | 156 (51%) | 52 (50%) | 135 (49%) | |
| Psoriatic arthritis | 72 (17%) | 62 (20%) | 9 (9%) | 41 (15%) | |
| Systemic lupus erythematosus | 54 (13%) | 37 (12%) | 13 (12%) | 33 (12%) | |
| Giant cell arteritis or polymyalgia rheumatica | 28 (7%) | 13 (4%) | 14 (13%) | 17 (6%) | |
| Sjögren's syndrome | 12 (3%) | 7 (2%) | 4 (4%) | 12 (4%) | |
| ANCA-associated vasculitis and other miscellaneous vasculitis | 15 (4%) | 9 (3%) | 5 (5%) | 5 (2%) | |
| Systemic sclerosis | 6 (1%) | 4 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 11 (4%) | |
| Axial spondyloarthritis | 8 (2%) | 5 (2%) | 2 (2%) | 3 (1%) | |
| Mixed connective tissue disease | 5 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 2 (2%) | 6 (2%) | |
| Antiphospholipid syndrome | 3 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 0 | 3 (1%) | |
| Behçet's disease | 3 (1%) | 3 (1%) | 0 | 3 (2%) | |
| Takayasu arteritis | 2 (<1%) | 1 (<1%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (<1%) | |
| Idiopathic inflammatory myositis | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (<1%) | |
| Juvenile idiopathic arthritis | 1 (<1%) | 1 (<1%) | 0 | 0 | |
| Multiple primary rheumatic diseases | 5 (1%) | 4 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 7 (3%) | |
| Immunomodulatory medications | |||||
| Oral glucocorticoid | 18 (4%) | 6 (2%) | 12 (11%) | 33 (12%) | |
| Any conventional synthetic DMARDs† | 284 (67%) | 205 (67%) | 71 (68%) | 200 (72%) | |
| Methotrexate | 138 (32%) | 106 (35%) | 32 (30%) | 94 (34%) | |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 117 (27%) | 84 (27%) | 26 (25%) | 97 (35%) | |
| Mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolic acid | 27 (6%) | 14 (5%) | 12 (11%) | 20 (7%) | |
| Leflunomide | 31 (7%) | 23 (7%) | 7 (7%) | 11 (4%) | |
| Sulfasalazine | 18 (4%) | 15 (5%) | 3 (3%) | 17 (6%) | |
| Tacrolimus | 22 (5%) | 9 (3%) | 12 (11%) | 12 (4%) | |
| Azathioprine | 14 (3%) | 8 (3%) | 5 (5%) | 9 (3%) | |
| Cyclosporine | 9 (2%) | 6 (2%) | 2 (2%) | 8 (3%) | |
| Cyclophosphamide | 4 (1%) | 4 (1%) | 0 | 1 (<1%) | |
| Apremilast | 3 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | |
| Any biologic DMARDs† | 180 (42%) | 133 (43%) | 39 (37%) | 78 (28%) | |
| TNF inhibitor | 104 (24%) | 86 (28%) | 15 (14%) | 40 (14%) | |
| CD20 inhibitor | 26 (6%) | 13 (4%) | 10 (10%) | 12 (4%) | |
| IL-6 receptor inhibitor | 17 (4%) | 10 (3%) | 5 (5%) | 5 (2%) | |
| IL-17 inhibitor | 14 (3%) | 13 (4%) | 1 (1%) | 6 (2%) | |
| CTLA-4 immunoglobulin | 11 (3%) | 8 (3%) | 3 (3%) | 9 (3%) | |
| IL-23 inhibitor | 2 (<1%) | 1 (<1%) | 1 (1%) | 3 (1%) | |
| B-cell activating factor inhibitor | 3 (1%) | 1 (<1%) | 2 (2%) | 1 (<1%) | |
| IL-12 and IL-23 inhibitor | 2 (<1%) | 1 (<1%) | 1 (1%) | 1 (<1%) | |
| IL-5 inhibitor | 1 (<1%) | 0 | 1 (1%) | 2 (1%) | |
| IL-1 inhibitor | 2 (<1%) | 1 (<1%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | |
| Targeted synthetic DMARD | |||||
| JAK inhibitor | 11 (3%) | 8 (3%) | 3 (3%) | 5 (2%) | |
Data are n (%). ANCA=antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies. CTLA-4=cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4. DMARD=disease-modifying antirheumatic drug. IL=interleukin. JAK=Janus kinase. TNF=tumour necrosis factor.
*
Characteristics of other outpatient treatments (five patients received molnupiravir, three received remdesivir, and six received combination treatment [four received nirmatrelvir–ritonavir and monoclonal antibodies and two received molnupiravir and monoclonal antibodies]) are shown in the appendix (pp 6–7).
†
Some patients were on more than one medication.