Fig. 3.

Profiling symptoms in XYY syndrome across 67 scales. A Barplots showing distribution of scaled scores in XYY syndrome for 67 different subscales derived from 10 questionnaires. Horizontal solid red line shows mean score in XY controls, and dashed horizontal line shows a 2 standard deviation elevation in scores relative to the observed distribution in XY males. B Standardized beta coefficients for the effects of XYY (vs. XY) on each scale. C Standardized beta coefficients for regression models predicting variation in IQ (Full-Scale IQ), VABC (Vineland Adaptive Behavior Composite Scale), and CSQ (Caregiver Strain Questionnaire) scores as a function of variation in each measure of psychopathology. D Standardized beta coefficients for association between time of XYY diagnoses (postnatal vs. prenatal) and scores on each measure of psychopathology. E Standardized beta coefficients for the effects of XYY (vs. XY) on each scale when analysis is restricted to the subset of XYY individuals who were diagnosed prenatally. For B–E, a single asterisk indicates statistical significance at uncorrected p = 0.05, and a double asterisk at false discovery rate (FDR) adjusted q = 0.05