Table 2.
Descriptive statistics of the BAS in the whole sample
| BAS item | M | SD | Sk | K | ω if item dropped | Corrected r(item-total) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Financial problems | 1.92 | 1.15 | .575 | -.896 | .93 | .433 |
| 2. Missed work/school | 2.00 | 1.14 | .347 | -.991 | .92 | .560 |
| 3. Difficulty concentrating | 2.95 | 1.01 | -.585 | -.668 | .92 | .698 |
| 4. Change personal plans | 2.71 | 1.16 | -.333 | -1.218 | .92 | .680 |
| 5. Reduced leisure time | 2.82 | 1.07 | -.416 | -1.005 | .92 | .704 |
| 6. Upset household routine | 2.86 | 1.06 | -.517 | -.803 | .92 | .718 |
| 7. Less time for friends | 2.67 | 1.10 | -.291 | -1.161 | .92 | .665 |
| 8. Neglected family’s needs | 2.49 | 1.02 | -.106 | -1.023 | .92 | .713 |
| 9. Family friction | 2.88 | 1.01 | -.449 | -.811 | .92 | .614 |
| 10. Friction with others | 1.51 | .99 | 1.081 | .497 | .93 | .512 |
| 11. Embarrassed | 2.11 | 1.20 | .249 | -1.071 | .92 | .649 |
| 12. Guilty for not helping enough | 2.54 | 1.13 | -.073 | -1.130 | .92 | .569 |
| 13. Guilty for causing illness | 2.29 | 1.19 | .085 | -1.164 | .92 | .590 |
| 14. Resented demands | 2.12 | 1.11 | .096 | -.843 | .92 | .635 |
| 15. Felt trapped | 2.67 | 1.17 | -.354 | -1.031 | .92 | .711 |
| 16. Upset about relative’s change | 2.76 | 1.11 | -.474 | -.765 | .92 | .624 |
| 17. Worry about making illness worse | 2.67 | 1.10 | -.281 | -1.010 | .92 | .578 |
| 18. Worry about the future | 3.70 | .64 | -2.594 | 8.014 | .93 | .481 |
| 19. Stigma upsetting | 2.75 | 1.11 | -.406 | -.952 | .93 | .416 |
Note. N = 233. Standard error of skewness = .159; Standard error of kurtosis = .318