Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Opioid Use and Pain-Intensive Diseases in Denmark, Age ≥16 in Denmark 2004–2017
| Total, N 1,683,713 | Male, N = 745,070 (44.3%) N (%Within Sex/Total) | Female, N = 938,643 (55.7%) N (%Within Sex/Total) | P ♂ / ♀a | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at inclusion (mean 53.64, median 53.00) | ||||
| 1st quartile (16–39 years) | 427,970 (25.4%) | 195,027 (26.2/11.6) | 232,943 (24.8/13.8) | 0.000 |
| 2nd quartile (40–53 years) | 416,917 (24.8%) | 199,895 (26.8/11.9) | 217,022 (23.1/12.9) | 0.000 |
| 3rd quartile (54–68 years) | 430,311 (25.6%) | 205,801 (27.6/12.2) | 224,510 (23.9/13.3) | 0.000 |
| 4th quartile (69–110 years) | 408,514 (24.3%) | 144,347 (19.4/8.6) | 264,167 (28.1/15.7) | 0.000 |
| ≤21 years | 57,595 (3.4%) | 23,591 (3.2/1.4) | 34,004 (3.6/2.0) | 0.000 |
| 80+ years | 160,310 (9.5%) | 45,124 (6.1/2.7) | 115,186 (12.3/6.8) | 0.000 |
| CNCP (yes) | 979,666 (58.2) | 419,945 (56.4/24.9) | 559,721 (59.6/33.2) | 0.000 |
| Pain-intensive diagnosis/CNCP | ||||
| Back/spine pain | 149,543 (8.9) | 71,831 (9.6/4.3) | 77,712 (8.4/4.6) | 0.000 |
| Headache | 22,837 (1.4) | 7,616 (1.0/0.5) | 15,221 (1.6/0.9) | 0.000 |
| Neuropathic pain | 48,561 (2.9) | 20,769 (2.8/1.2) | 27,792 (3.0/1.7) | 0.000 |
| Non-specific/other pain cond. | 85,935 (5.1) | 35,782 (4.8/2.1) | 50,153 (5.3/3.0) | 0.000 |
| Spondylopathies | 31,330 (1.9) | 14,769 (2.0/0.9) | 16,561 (1.8/1.0) | 0.000 |
| Osteoporosis | 29,865 (1.8) | 5,171 (0.7/0.3) | 24,694 (2.6/1.5) | 0.000 |
| Disorders of muscles | 22,639 (1.3) | 7,752 (1.0/0.5) | 14,887 (1.6/0.9) | 0.000 |
| Multimorbid (ulcer/skin) | 13,096 (0.8) | 6,508 (0.9/0.4) | 6,588 (0.7/0.4) | 0.000 |
| Fibromyalgia | 38,576 (2.0) | 13,602 (1.8/0.8) | 19,974 (2.1/1.2) | 0.000 |
| Complex regional pain syndrome | 525 (0.0) | 159 (0.0/0.0) | 366 (0.0/0.0) | 0.000 |
| Long-term opioid use: filled ≥1 prescription in ≥6 months | 204,729 (12.2) | 78,572 (10.5/4.7) | 126,157 (13.4/7.5) | 0.000 |
| Moderate long-term opioid use: filled ≥1 prescription in ≥3 but <6 months | 373,266 (22.2) | 174,883 (23.5/10.4) | 198,383 (21.1/11.8) | 0.000 |
| Short-term opioid use: filled ≥1 prescription in <3 separate months | 1,105,718 (65.7) | 491,615 (66.0/29.2) | 614,103 (65.4/36.5) | 0.000 |
| High potent opioids | 261,971 (15.6) | 123,394 (16.6/7.3) | 138,577 (14.8/8.2) | 0.000 |
| N02AA01 morphine | 70,319 (4.2) | 34,245 (4.6/2.0) | 36,074 (3.8/2.1) | 0.000 |
| Oral (tablet/capsule) | 34,328 | 18,106 | 16,222 | |
| Oral sustained-release (tablet/capsule) | 34,930 | 15,618 | 19,312 | |
| Oral (drops/sublingual tablet) | 51 | 22 | 29 | |
| Injection/infusion | 677 | 375 | 302 | |
| Suppositories | 333 | 124 | 209 | |
| N02AA03 hydromorphone | 65 (0.0) | 30 (0.0/0.0) | 35 (0.0/0.0) | 0.000 |
| Oral capsule hard | 14 | 8 | 6 | |
| Oral sustained-release (tablet/capsule) | 51 | 22 | 29 | |
| N02AA04 nicomorphine | 6373 (0.4) | 2748 (0.4/0.2) | 3625 (0.4/0.2) | 0.000 |
| Oral (tablet/capsule) | 4339 | 2077 | 2262 | |
| Suppositories | 1748 | 555 | 1193 | |
| Injection/infusion | 286 | 116 | 170 | |
| N02AA05 oxycodone | 79,222 (4.7) | 39,739 (5.3/2.4) | 39,483 (4.2/2.3) | 0.000 |
| Oral (tablet/capsule) | 3,556 | 1782 | 1774 | |
| Oral (drops/sublingual tablet) | 487 | 243 | 244 | |
| Oral sustained-release (tablet/capsule) | 33,545 | 17,129 | 16,416 | |
| Oral capsule hard | 41,620 | 20,580 | 21,040 | |
| Injection/infusion | 14 | 5 | 9 | |
| N02AA55 oxycodone/naloxone | 128 (0.0) | 59 (0.0/0.0) | 69 (0.0/0.0) | 0.000 |
| Oral sustained-release (tablet/capsule) | 128 | 59 | 69 | |
| N02AB02 pethidine | 10,295 (0.6) | 3184 (0.4/0.2) | 7111 (0.8/0.4) | 0.000 |
| Oral (tablet/capsule) | 3187 | 1028 | 2159 | |
| Oral (drops/sublingual tablet) | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| Suppositories | 6524 | 1958 | 4568 | |
| Injection/infusion | 583 | 198 | 385 | |
| N02AB03 fentanyl | 3235 (0.2) | 1060 (0.1/0.1) | 2175 (0.2/0.1) | 0.000 |
| Oral (drops/sublingual tablet) | 5 | 2 | 2 | |
| Transdermal | 3230 | 1057 | 2173 | |
| N02AE01 buprenorphine | 21,985 (1.3) | 9120 (1.2/0.5) | 12,865 (1.4/0.8) | 0.000 |
| Oral (drops/sublingual tablet) | 14,540 | 7165 | 7375 | |
| Transdermal | 7433 | 1947 | 5486 | |
| Injection/infusion | 12 | 8 | 4 | |
| N02AG02 ketobemidone/antispasmodics | 66,987 (4.0) | 31,824 (4.3/1.9) | 35,163 (3.7/2.1) | 0.000 |
| Oral (tablet/capsule) | 55,749 | 27,589 | 28,160 | |
| Suppositories | 10,823 | 4078 | 6745 | |
| Injection/infusion | 415 | 157 | 258 | |
| N02AX06 tapentadol | 211 (0.0) | 91 (0.0/0.0) | 120 (0.0/0.0) | 0.000 |
| Oral (tablet/capsule) | 7 | 2 | 5 | |
| Oral sustained-release (tablet/capsule) | 204 | 89 | 115 | |
| N02AG02 ketogan | 2404 (0.1) | 965 (0.1/0.1) | 1439 (0.2/0.1) | |
| Oral sustained-release (tablet/capsule) | 2397 | 963 | 1434 | |
| Oral (drops/sublingual tablet) | 7 | 2 | 5 | |
| Low potent opioids - total | 1,124,283 (66.8) | 506,298 (60.0/30.1) | 617,985 (65.8/36.7) | 0.000 |
| N02AA79 codeine/psycholeptics | 297,459 (17.7) | 115,378 (15.5/6.9) | 182,081 (19.4/10.8) | |
| Oral (tablet/capsule) | 297,459 | 115,378 | 182,081 | |
| N02AX02 tramadol | 1,110,606 (66.0) | 502,282 (67.4/29.8) | 608,324 (64.8/36.1) | 0.000 |
| Oral (tablet/capsule) | 106,830 | 49,725 | 57,105 | |
| Oral sustained-release (tablet/capsule) | 68,766 | 31,367 | 37,399 | |
| Oral capsule hard | 903,653 | 408,574 | 495,079 | |
| Oral (drops/sublingual tablet) | 576 | 151 | 425 | |
| Effervescent tablet | 26,605 | 11,367 | 15,238 | |
| Suppositories | 4140 | 1083 | 3057 | |
| Injection/infusion | 36 | 15 | 21 | |
| N02AD01 pentazocine | 747 (0.0) | 329 (0.0/0.0) | 418 (0.0/ 0.0) | 0.909 |
| Oral (tablet/capsule) | 695 | 313 | 382 | |
| Suppositories | 43 | 11 | 32 | |
| Injection/infusion | 9 | 5 | 4 | |
| N02AC04 Dextropropoxyphene | 13,677 (0.8) | 4016 (0.5/0.2) | 9661 (1.0/ 0.6) | 0.000 |
| Oral (tablet/capsule) | 9451 | 2772 | 6679 | |
| Oral sustained-release (tablet/capsule) | 2099 | 670 | 1429 | |
| Oral capsule hard | 2127 | 574 | 1553 | |
| Charlson index (numbers of comorbidity) | ||||
| 0 (ref) | 1,430,788 (85.0) | 627,028 (84.2/37.2) | 803,760 (85.6/47.7) | 0.000 |
| 1 | 160,858 (9.6) | 72,553 (9.7/4.3) | 88,305 (9.4/5.2) | 0.000 |
| 2 | 54,431 (3.2) | 24,770 (3.3/1.5) | 29,661 (3.2/1.8) | 0.000 |
| 3+ | 37,636 (2.2) | 20,719 (2.8/1.2) | 16,917 (1.8/1.0) | 0.000 |
| The first month, n opioid prescriptions | ||||
| 1 | 1,220,931 (72.5) | 533,277 (71.6/31.7) | 687,654 (73.3/40.8) | 0.000 |
| 2–3 | 399,360 (23.7) | 181,741 (24.4/10.8) | 217,619 (23.2/12.9) | 0.000 |
| 4–9 | 62,682 (3.7) | 29,701 (4.0/1.8) | 32,981 (3.5/2.0) | 0.000 |
| 10–38 | 740 (0.0) | 351 (0.0/0.0) | 389 (0.0/0.0) | 0.000 |
| Three months, n opioid prescriptions | ||||
| 1 | 1,083,142 (64.3) | 479,584 (64.4/28.5) | 603,558 (64.3/35.8) | 0.371 |
| 2–3 | 410,154 (24.4) | 183,931 (24.7/10.9) | 226,222 (24.1/13.4) | 0.000 |
| 4–9 | 177,612 (10.5) | 75,695 (10.2/4.5) | 101,917 (10.9/6.1) | 0.000 |
| 10–118 | 12,805 (0.8) | 5859 (0.8/0.3) | 6946 (0.7/0.4) | 0.001 |
| Six months, n opioid prescriptions | ||||
| 1 | 1,083,142 (64.3) | 479,584 (64.4/28.5) | 603,558 (64.3/35.8) | 0.371 |
| 2–3 | 338,547 (20.1) | 157,812 (21.2/9.4) | 180,735 (19.3/10.7) | 0.000 |
| 4–9 | 213,683 (12.7) | 87,559 (11.8/5.2) | 126,124 (13.4/7.5) | 0.000 |
| 10–202 | 48,341 (2.9) | 20,115 (2.7/1.2) | 28,226 (13.0/1.7) | 0.000 |
| One year, n opioid prescriptions | ||||
| 1 | 1,083,142 (64.3) | 479,584 (64.4/28.5) | 603,558 (64.3/35.8) | 0.371 |
| 2–3 | 333,600 (19.8) | 156,024 (20.9/9.3) | 177,576 (18.9/10.5) | 0.000 |
| 4–9 | 156,787 (9.3) | 67,605 (9.1/4.0) | 89,182 (9.5/5.3) | 0.000 |
| 10–311 | 110,184 (6.5) | 41,857 (5.6/2.5) | 68,327 (7.3/4.1) | 0.000 |
| Opioid dose in mg OMEQ/day | ||||
| Up to 1 month (50–80,640) | 1,683,713 (100) | |||
| Mean (552.37) | ||||
| 1st quartile (50 < 200) | 810,364 (48.1) | 347,044 (46.6/20.6) | 463,320 (49.4/27.5) | 0.000 |
| 2nd quartile (200 < 211) | 42,782 (2.5) | 20,258 (2.7/1.2) | 22,524 (2.4/1.3) | 0.000 |
| 3rd quartile (211 < 700) | 422,939 (25.1) | 193,185 (25.9/11.5) | 229,754 (24.5/13.6) | 0.000 |
| 4th quartile (700–80,640) | 407,628 (24.2) | 184,583 (24.8/11.0) | 223,045 (23.8/13.2) | 0.000 |
| Up to 3 months (50–142,590) | ||||
| Mean (817.03) | ||||
| 1st quartile (50 < 200) | 752,746 (44.7) | 324,428 (43.5/19.3) | 428,318 (45.6/25.4) | 0.000 |
| 2nd quartile (200 < 300) | 82,075 (4.9) | 38,875 (4.9/2.2) | 45,200 (4.8/2.7) | 0.000 |
| 3rd quartile (300 < 1000) | 424,612 (25.2) | 196,906 (26.4/11.7) | 227,706 (24.3/13.5) | 0.000 |
| 4th quartile (1000–142,590) | 424,280 (25.2) | 186,861 (25.1/11.1) | 237,419 (25.3/14.1) | 0.000 |
| Up to 6 months (50–283,711) | ||||
| Mean (1,114.26) | ||||
| 1st quartile (50 < 200) | 751,641 (44.6) | 324,136 (43.5/19.3) | 427,505 (45.5/25.4) | 0.000 |
| 2nd quartile (200 < 300) | 78,751 (4.7) | 35,592 (4.8/2.1) | 43,159 (4.6/2.6) | 0.000 |
| 3rd quartile (300 < 1000) | 401,920 (23.9) | 188,192 (25.3/11.2) | 213,728 (22.8/12.7) | 0.000 |
| 4th quartile (1000–283,711) | 451,401 (26.8) | 197,150 (26.5/11.7) | 254,251 (27.1/15.1) | 0.000 |
| Up to 1 year (50–402,000) | ||||
| Mean (1,583.30) | ||||
| 1st quartile (50 < 200) | 751,595 (44.6) | 324,126 (43.5/19.3) | 427,469 (45.5/25.4) | 0.000 |
| 2nd quartile (200 < 300) | 78,536 (4.7) | 35,541 (4.8/2.1) | 42,995 (4.6/2.6) | 0.000 |
| 3rd quartile (300 < 1,000) | 396,370 (23.5) | 186,162 (25.0/11.1) | 210,208 (22.4/12.5) | 0.000 |
| 4th quartile (1,000–402,000) | 457,212 (27.2) | 199,241 (26.7/11.8) | 257,971 (27.5/15.3) | 0.000 |
| Comorbidity | ||||
| Arthritic diseases | 350,747 (20.8) | 148,588 (19.9/8.8) | 202,159 (21.5/12.0) | 0.000 |
| Diabetes | 50,988 (3.0) | 27,442 (3.7/1.6) | 23,546 (2.5/1.4) | 0.000 |
| Pulmonary disease | 67,110 (4.0) | 29,942 (4.0/1.8) | 37,168 (4.0/2.2) | 0.052 |
| Hemiplegia | 499 (0.0) | 244 (0.0/0.0) | 255 (0.0/0.0) | 0.037 |
| Dementia | 7524 (0.4) | 2859 (0.4/0.2) | 4665 (0.5/0.3) | 0.000 |
| Heart failure | 182,668 (10.8) | 91,461 (12.3/5.4) | 91,207 (9.7/5.4) | 0.000 |
| Fracture ≤90 days before the index | ||||
| Spine | 14,714 (0.9) | 7739 (1.0/0.5) | 6975 (0.7/0.4) | 0.000 |
| Hip | 39,803 (2.4) | 11,852 (1.6/0.7) | 27,951 (3.0/1.7) | 0.000 |
| Forearm | 42,295 (2.5) | 11,843 (1.6/0.7) | 30,452 (3.2/1.8) | 0.000 |
| Humerus | 28,444 (1.7) | 8312 (1.1/0.5) | 20,132 (2.1/1.2) | 0.000 |
| Any fracture | 244,930 (14.5) | 110,302 (14.8/6.6) | 134,628 (14.3/8.0) | 0.000 |
| Surgery ≤90 days before the index | ||||
| Skull/intracranial | 2161 (0.1) | 1036 (0.1/0.1) | 1125 (0.1/0.1) | 0.001 |
| Spinal cord/nerve root | 6444 (0.4) | 3495 (0.5/0.2) | 2949 (0.3/0.2) | 0.000 |
| Peripheral nerves | 2688 (0.2) | 1373 (0.2/0.1) | 1315 (0.1/0.1) | 0.000 |
| The autonomic nervous system | 83 (0.0) | 28 (0.0/0.0) | 55 (0.0/0.0) | 0.054 |
| Other or reoperation, nervous system | 119 (0.0) | 63 (0.0/0.0) | 56 (0.0/0.0) | 0.056 |
| Endocrine organs | 413 (0.0) | 85 (0.0/0.0) | 328 (0.0/0.0) | 0.000 |
| Ear, nose or larynx | 2770 (0.2) | 1638 (0.2/0.1) | 1132 (0.1/0.1) | 0.000 |
| Lips, teeth, jaw, mouth or throat | 10,450 (0.6) | 4662 (0.6/0.3) | 5788 (0.6/0.3) | 0.456 |
| Heart/large vessels in thorax | 10,204 (0.6) | 7619 (1.0/0.5) | 2585 (0.3/0.2) | 0.000 |
| Peripheral vessels/lymphatic | 6489 (0.4) | 3444 (0.5/0.2) | 3045 (0.3/0.2) | 0.000 |
| Respiratory system, thorax, mediastinum or diaphragma | 6696 (0.4) | 4593 (0.6/0.3) | 2103 (0.2/0.1) | 0.000 |
| Digestive organs or spleen | 26,541 (1.6) | 13,273 (1.8/0.8) | 13,268 (1.4/0.8) | 0.000 |
| Urin, male genitalia | 6226 (0.4) | 4635 (0.6/0.3) | 1,591 (0.2/0.1) | 0.000 |
| Female genitalia | 10,633 (0.6) | 8 (0.0/0.0) | 10,625 (1.1/0.6) | 0.000 |
| Obstetric surgery | 4015 (0.2) | 0 (0.0/0.0) | 4015 (0.4/0.2) | 0.000 |
| Minorb | 102,284 (6.1) | 50,209 (6.7/3.0) | 52,075 (5.5/3.1) | 0.000 |
| Back or neck | 5784 (0.3) | 3113 (0.4/0.2) | 2671 (0.3/0.2) | 0.000 |
| Shoulder or upper arm | 19,904 (1.2) | 10,886 (1.5/0.6) | 9018 (1.0/0.5) | 0.000 |
| Elbow or forearm | 14,862 (0.9) | 5543 (0.7/0.3) | 9319 (1.0/0.6) | 0.000 |
| Wrist or hand | 10,698 (0.6) | 6805 (0.9/0.4) | 3893 (0.4/0.2) | 0.000 |
| Pelvis | 2386 (0.1) | 1188 (0.2/0.1) | 1198 (0.1/0.1) | 0.000 |
| Hip or thigh | 47,369 (2.8) | 19,485 (2.6/1.2) | 27,884 (3.0/1.7) | 0.000 |
| Knees, lower legs, ankle or foot | 71,069 (4.2) | 34,805 (4.7/2.1) | 36,264 (3.9/2.2) | 0.000 |
| Number of drugs (co-medication) | ||||
| 0 (ref) | 303,349 (18.0) | 147,384 (19.8/8.8) | 155,965 (16.6/9.3) | 0.000 |
| 1–3 | 784,044 (46.6) | 355,688 (47.7/21.1) | 428,356 (45.6/25.4) | 0.000 |
| 4–9 | 490,410 (29.1) | 195,333 (26.2/11.6) | 295,077 (31.4/17.5) | 0.000 |
| 10+ | 105,910 (6.3) | 46,665 (6.3/2.8) | 59,245 (6.3/3.5) | 0.197 |
| Type of co-medication | ||||
| Anti-hypertension | 17,797 (1.1) | 10,382 (1.4/0.6) | 7415 (0.8/0.4) | 0.000 |
| Anti-coagulation AC | 241,512 (14.3) | 119,215 (16.0/7.1) | 122,297 (13.0/7.3) | 0.000 |
| ACE inhibitor | 181,395 (10.8) | 90,348 (12.1/5.4) | 91,047 (9.7/5.4) | 0.000 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 2995 (0.2) | 1148 (0.2/0.1) | 1847 (0.2/0.1) | 0.000 |
| Antiarrhythmics | 62,323 (3.7) | 31,720 (4.3/1.9) | 30,603 (3.3/1.8) | 0.000 |
| AT2 antagonists | 114,219 (6.8) | 49,106 (6.6/2.9) | 65,113 (6.9/3.9) | 0.000 |
| Beta-blockers | 299,854 (17.8) | 131,900 (17.7/7.8) | 167,954 (17.9/10.0) | 0.001 |
| Anti-diabetics | 82,869 (4.9) | 43,121 (5.8/2.6) | 39,748 (4.2/2.4) | 0.000 |
| Lipid-lowering | 181,294 (10.8) | 92,006 (12.3/5.5) | 89,288 (9.5/5.3) | 0.000 |
| Prednisolone | 155,653 (9.2) | 63,386 (8.5/3.8) | 92,267 (9.8/5.5) | 0.000 |
| Immunosuppressants | 18,609 (1.1) | 6598 (0.9/0.4) | 12,011 (1.3/0.7) | 0.000 |
| Anti-rheumatics | 804,663 (47.8) | 339,703 (45.6/20.2) | 464,960 (49.5/27.6) | 0.000 |
| Joint and muscular pain | 40,368 (2.4) | 13,555 (1.8/0.8) | 26,813 (2.9/1.6) | 0.000 |
| Anti-epileptics | 52,046 (3.1) | 22,784 (3.1/1.4) | 29,262 (3.1/1.7) | 0.027 |
| Parkinson medications | 19,618 (1.2) | 7,997 (1.1/0.5) | 11,621 (1.2/0.7) | 0.000 |
| Other antidepressants | 254,015 (15.1) | 86,218 (11.6/5.1) | 167,797 (17.9/10.0) | 0.000 |
| SSRI | 193,627 (11.5) | 64,047 (8.6/3.8) | 129,580 (13.8/7.7) | 0.000 |
| Region | ||||
| Capital | 466,088 (27.7) | 199,304 (26.7/11.8) | 266,784 (28.4/15.8) | 0.000 |
| Zealand | 261,371 (15.5) | 116,962 (15.7/6.9) | 144,409 (15.4/8.6) | 0.000 |
| Southern Denmark | 377,785 (22.4) | 168,787 (22.7/10.0) | 208,998 (22.3/12.4) | 0.000 |
| Central Jutland | 381,532 (22.7) | 171,923 (23.1/10.2) | 209,609 (22.3/12.4) | 0.000 |
| Northern Jutland | 195,579 (11.6) | 87,252 (11.7/5.2) | 108,327 (11.5/6.4) | 0.000 |
| Unknown | 1358 (0.1) | 842 (0.1/0.1) | 516 (0.1/0.0) | 0.000 |
| Education | ||||
| Primary school (7–10 y) | 571,220 (33.9) | 234,089 (31.4/13.9) | 337,131 (35.9/20.0) | 0.000 |
| Secondary school (11–12 y) | 707,700 (42.0) | 365,653 (49.1/21.7) | 342,047 (36.4/20.3) | 0.000 |
| Bachelor’s degree or higher (13+ y) | 289,764 (17.2) | 110,413 (14.8/6.6) | 179,351 (19.1/10.7) | 0.000 |
| Unknown total | 115,029 (6.8) | 34,915 (4.7/2.1) | 80,114 (8.5/4.8) | 0.000 |
| ≤21 years unknown | 312 (0.0) | 213 (0.0/0.0) | 99 (0.0/0.0) | 0.000 |
| Age 80+ unknown | 87,266 (5.2) | 20,526 (2.8/1.2) | 66,740 (7.1/4.0) | 0.000 |
| Marital status/living conditions | ||||
| Married | 869,639 (51.7) | 417,623 (56.1/24.8) | 452,016 (48.2/26.8) | 0.000 |
| Widowed | 200,696 (11.9) | 36,199 (4.9/2.1) | 164,497 (17.5/9.8) | 0.000 |
| Divorced | 209,765 (12.5) | 85,011 (11.4/5.0) | 124,754 (13.3/7.4) | 0.000 |
| Single (unmarried) | 402,255 (23.9) | 205,395 (27.6/12.2) | 196,860 (21.0/11.7) | 0.000 |
| Unknown marital status | 1358 (0.1) | 842 (0.1/0.1) | 516 (0.1/0.0) | 0.000 |
| Household income* | ||||
| Lowest tertile (≤199,999 Dkr) | 233,653 (13.9) | 89,963 (12.1/5.3) | 143,690 (15.3/8.5) | 0.000 |
| Middle tertile (≥200,000 but ≤400,000 Dkr) | 620,824 (36.9) | 278,321 (37.4/16.5) | 342,503 (36.5/20.3) | 0.000 |
| Highest tertile (>400,000 Dkr) | 819,331 (48.7) | 372,108 (49.9/22.1) | 447,223 (47.6/26.6) | 0.000 |
| Unknown total | 9905 (0.6) | 4678 (0.6/0.3) | 5227 (0.6/0.3) | 0.000 |
| ≤21 years/unknown | 588 (0.0) | 150 (0.0/0.0) | 438 (0.0/0.0) | 0.000 |
| Employment/income source | ||||
| Employed | 826,538 (49.1) | 419,403 (56.3/24.9) | 407,135 (43.4/24.2) | 0.000 |
| Retired | 645,146 (46.6) | 240,372 (40.2/17.4) | 404,774 (51.4/29.2) | 0.000 |
| Social welfare | 97,453 (5.8) | 36,959 (5.0/2.2) | 60,494 (6.4/3.6) | 0.000 |
| Other (eg, students or not registered) | 114,576 (6.8) | 48,336 (6.5/2.9) | 66,240 (7.1./3.9) | 0.000 |
| Unemployed ≥ 6 monthsc | 35,928 (2.1) | 17,113 (2.3/1.0) | 18,815 (2.0/1.1) | 0.000 |
| Living area/Municipality | ||||
| Capital area 1,500,000 | 318,717 (18.9) | 134,537 (18.1/8.0) | 184,180 (19.6/10.9) | 0.000 |
| Larger city ≥100,000 <1,500,000 | 154,227 (9.2) | 65,514 (8.8/3.9) | 88,713 (9.5/5.3) | 0.000 |
| City 20,000–99,999 | 317,065 (18.8) | 136,582 (18.3/8.1) | 180,483 (19./10.7) | 0.000 |
| Small city 1000–19,999 | 518,363 (30.8) | 224,423 (30.1/13.3) | 293,940 (31.3/17.5) | 0.000 |
| Countryside or a village ≤999 | 366,735 (21.8) | 179,737 (24.1/10.7) | 186,998 (19.9/11.1) | 0.000 |
| Unknown | 8606 (0.5) | 4277 (0.6/0.3) | 4329 (0.5/0.3) | 0.000 |
| Children living at home (<25 years) | ||||
| 0 | 1,147,217 (68.1) | 508,258 (68.2/30.2) | 638,959 (68.1/37.9) | 0.047 |
| 1 | 217,009 (12.9) | 94,330 (12.7/5.6) | 122,679 (13.1/7.3) | 0.000 |
| 2 | 223,757 (13.3) | 99,182 (13.3/5.9) | 124,575 (13.3/7.4) | 0.448 |
| 3+ | 94,341 (5.6) | 42,442 (5.7/2.5) | 51,899 (5.5./3.1) | 0.000 |
| Country of origin | ||||
| Denmark | 1,566,478 (93.1) | 691,922 (92.9/41.1) | 875,995 (93.3/52.1) | 0.000 |
| EU-28 | 29,451 (1.7) | 12,261 (1.6/0.7) | 17,190 (1.8/1.0) | 0.000 |
| Europe outside EU-28 | 20,546 (1.2) | 8506 (1.1/0.5) | 12,040 (1.3/0.7) | 0.000 |
| Turkey | 16,478 (1.0) | 7734 (1.0/0.5) | 8744 (0.9/0.5) | 0.000 |
| Africa | 8578 (0.5) | 4347 (0.6/0.3) | 4231 (0.4/0.3) | 0.000 |
| North America | 1951 (0.1) | 872 (0.1/0.1) | 1079 (0.1/0.1) | 0.000 |
| South and Central America | 1981 (0.1) | 641 (0.1/0.0) | 1340 (0.1/0.1) | 0.000 |
| Asia | 31,439 (1.9) | 16,104 (2.2/1.0) | 15,335 (1.6/0.9) | 0.000 |
| Oceania | 262 (0.0) | 139 (0.0/0.0) | 123 (0.0/0.0) | 0.000 |
| Pakistan | 4655 (0.3) | 2288 (0.3/0.1) | 2367 (0.3/0.1) | 0.000 |
| Stateless | 258 (0.0) | 146 (0.0/0.0) | 112 (0.0/0.0) | 0.000 |
| Unknown | 197 (0.0) | 110 (0.0/0.0) | 87 (0.0/0.0) | 0.000 |
| Generation of immigration | ||||
| Danish | 1,674,978 (99.5) | 740,678 (99.4/44.0) | 934,300 (99.5/55.5) | 0.000 |
| First generation | 7872 (0.5) | 4000 (0.5/0.2) | 3872 (0.4/0.2) | 0.000 |
| Second generation | 79 (0.0) | 36 (0.0/0.0) | 43 (0.0/0.0) | 0.000 |
| Third generation | 93 (0.0) | 49 (0.0/0.0) | 44 (0.0/0.0) | 0.000 |
| Fourth generation | 687 (0.0) | 304 (0.0/0.0) | 383 (0.0/0.0) | 0.000 |
| Unknown | 4 (0.0) | 3 (0.0/0.0) | 1 (0.0/0.0) | 0.000 |
Notes: aSex: ♂ male, ♀ female. bMinor: eye, breast, skin, minor surgical procedures, endoscopies, procedures during surgery, tissue withdrawals for transplantation. cUnemployed ≥6 months: a category extracted from the other income categories.