. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2023 Feb 20.

Published in final edited form as: Am J Perinatol. 2019 Oct 10;37(2):216–223. doi: 10.1055/s-0039-1697672

Table 2:

Adjusted risk models that examine the relationship between PDA exposure and the outcomes BPD/Death and BPD

	Model 1	Model 2	Model 3	Model 4	Model 5
	Final Model	Final model + ligation	Final model + prophylactic indomethacin	Final model + any PDA Rx	Final model + PDA reopened
Outcome: BPD/Death	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)	OR (95% CI)
PDA Exposure:
Closed/small	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
<7 days	0.38 (0.10-1.46)	0.22 (0.05-1.05)	0.37 (0.10-1.43)	0.36 (0.09-1.39)	1.40 (0.24-8.22)
7-13 days	2.12 (1.04-4.32) ^*	1.77 (0.84-3.75)	1.48 (0.68-3.23)	2.00 (0.97-4.09)	2.80 (1.29-6.08) ^*
≥14 days	3.86 (2.15-6.96) ^*	3.36 (1.82-6.21) ^*	2.73 (1.42-5.23) ^*	3.95 (2.18-7.14) ^*	4.63 (2.46-8.69) ^*
Gestation ≤25 weeks	1.86 (1.11-3.12) ^*	1.87 (1.11-3.13) ^*	1.95 (1.16-3.29) ^*	1.85 (1.11-3.11) ^*	1.84 (1.09-3.09) ^*
Small for Gestation	10.08 (3.88-26.21) ^*	9.86 (3.79-25.64) ^*	10.42 (4.05-26.82) ^*	10.18 (3.86-26.81) ^*	10.74 (4.08-28.26) ^*
Intubated during 1^st day	9.34 (3.61-24.12) ^*	8.93 (3.45-23.15) ^*	11.52 (4.32-30.69) ^*	8.26 (3.14-21.74) ^*	9.17 (3.50-24.00) ^*
Late Onset Sepsis	4.08 (2.42-6.86) ^*	3.94 (2.33-6.66) ^*	4.68 (2.72-8.05) ^*	3.95 (2.34-6.68) ^*	4.49 (2.63-7.65) ^*
Net Fluid Gain during 1^st 72 hours ¹	1.002 (0.999-1.005)	1.002 (0.999-1.005)	1.003 ^* (1.000-1.005)	1.002 (0.999-1.005)	1.003 ^* (1.000-1.005)
PDA Ligation		2.00 (0.825-4.85)
Prophylactic Indomethacin			0.49 (0.26-0.90) ^*
Any PDA Rx				1.49 (0.74-3.00)
PDA Reopened					0.27 (0.09-0.83) ^*
Outcome: BPD
PDA Exposure:
Closed/small	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0	1.0
<7 days	0.36 (0.09-1.36)	0.16 (0.48-2.49) ^*	0.35 (0.09-1.32)	0.32 (0.08-1.24)	0.72 (0.13-4.01)
7-13 days	1.46 (0.67-3.14)	1.10 (0.48-2.50)	1.06 (0.46-2.44)	1.31 (0.60-2.84)	1.68 (0.74-3.78)
≥14 days	4.09 (2.32-7/22) ^*	3.38 (1.87-6.10) ^*	2.89 (1.50-5.59) ^*	4.22 (2.37-7.51) ^*	4.46 (2.43-8.18) ^*
Gestation ≤25 weeks	1.84 (1.12-3.05) ^*	1.84 (1.11-3.05) ^*	1.89 (1.14-3.13) ^*	1.85 (1.12-3.07) ^*	1.83 (1.11-3.03) ^*
Intubated during 1^st day	14.18 (4.14-48.45) ^*	13.27 (3.88-45.36) ^*	16.47 (4.77-56.90) ^*	11.85 (3.44-40.84) ^*	13.87 (4.04-47.70) ^*
Late Onset Sepsis	3.92 (2.32-6.63) ^*	3.85 (2.27-6.55) ^*	4.28 (2.50-7.33) ^*	3.83 (2.26-6.50) ^*	4.13 (2.42-7.05) ^*
PDA Ligation		2.81 (1.14-6.92) ^*
Prophylactic Indomethacin			0.54 (0.29-0.99) ^*
Any PDA Rx				1.98 (0.95-4.14)
PDA Reopened					0.49 (0.17-1.46)

p-value <0.05. OR, odds ratio. 95% CI, 95% confidence interval

Net Fluid Gain during 1^st 72 hours, OR (95%CI) for 1 ml net fluid gain