Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of patients with SAP and non-SAP with acute ischemic stroke
| Total (n = 388) | Non-SAP (n = 328) | SAP (n = 60) | P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 69±12 | 67±12 | 75±12 | <0.001* |
| Sex, male (%) | 255(66) | 213(65) | 42(71) | 0.337 |
| Drinking, n (%) | 155(40) | 136(41) | 19(32) | 0.187 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 163(42) | 136(41) | 27(46) | 0.526 |
| Previous stroke, n (%) | 52(13) | 40(12) | 12(20) | 0.089 |
| Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 94(24) | 71(22) | 23(38) | 0.006* |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 273(70) | 226(69) | 47(80) | 0.055 |
| Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 27(7) | 22(7) | 5(8) | 0.619 |
| Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 182(47) | 152(46) | 30(51) | 0.510 |
| Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 229(59) | 199(60) | 30(51) | 0.285 |
| Initial NIHSS score, median (IQR) | 5(3–10) | 4(3–8) | 13(8–17) | <0.001* |
| Dysphagia, n (%) | 47(12) | 13(4) | 34(58) | <0.001* |
| FOIS score, n (%) | <0.001* | |||
| 1–3 | 41(11) | 14(4) | 27(51) | |
| 4–5 | 198(52) | 176(53) | 22(42) | |
| 6–7 | 145(38) | 141(43) | 4(8) | |
| A2DS2 score | 3(1–5) | 3(1–4) | 5(4–7) | <0.001* |
| Large infarct volume, n (%) | 51(13) | 28(9) | 23(38) | <0.001* |
| Stroke etiology, n (%) | 0.088 | |||
| Large vessel disease | 202(52) | 166(50) | 36(61) | |
| Cardioembolism | 72(19) | 60(18) | 12(20) | |
| Small vessel occlusion | 81(21) | 76(23) | 5(8) | |
| Undetermined or other etiology | 33(9) | 27(8) | 6(10) | |
| Blood parameters measured within 30 min after admission | ||||
| Leukocytes (×109/L), median (IQR) | 7.17(5.92–8.95) | 7.07(5.72–8.60) | 8.48(6.66–10.58) | 0.004* |
| Neutrophils (×109/L), median (IQR) | 4.59(3.47–6.24) | 4.45(3.36–5.85) | 6.29(4.05–8.92) | <0.001* |
| Monocyte (×109/L), median (IQR) | 0.47(0.37–0.61) | 0.46(0.36–0.61) | 0.52(0.38–0.70) | 0.035* |
| Lymphocyte (×109 /L), median (IQR) | 1.68(1.28–2.21) | 1.74(1.34–2.26) | 1.42(1.05–1.75) | 0.002* |
| NLR, median (IQR) | 2.59(1.76–4.24) | 2.47(1.67–3.94) | 4.44(2.70–7.59) | <0.001* |
| CRP (mg/L), median (IQR) | 3.42(3.00–9.85) | 3.26(3.00–8.46) | 8.95(4.05–16.80) | <0.001* |
| Blood parameters measured within 24–36 h after IVT | ||||
| Leukocytes (×109/L), median (IQR) | 7.66(6.42–9.59) | 7.44(6.24–9.06) | 9.28(7.41–12.13) | <0.001* |
| Neutrophils (×109/L), median (IQR) | 5.37(4.09–7.11) | 5.02(3.84–6.71) | 7.51(5.62–9.87) | <0.001* |
| Monocyte (×109/L), median (IQR) | 0.51(0.39–0.66) | 0.50(0.39–0.65) | 0.57(0.38–0.87) | 0.060 |
| Lymphocyte (×109/L), median (IQR) | 1.47(1.12–1.88) | 1.51(1.19–1.91) | 1.20(0.83–1.55) | <0.001* |
| NLR, median (IQR) | 3.42(2.32–5.59) | 3.13(2.23–4.93) | 6.43(4.75–9.02) | <0.001* |
| CRP (mg/L), median (IQR) | 3.32(3.00–9.87) | 3.29(3.00–8.47) | 9.10(3.78–22.40) | <0.001* |
| DNT (min), median (IQR) | 47(35–59) | 46(34–59) | 50(39–62) | 0.109 |
| OTT, n (%) | 0.889 | |||
| ≤ 90 min | 32(8) | 27(8) | 5(8) | |
| 90–180 min | 184(47) | 154(47) | 30(50) | |
| ≥ 180 min | 172(44) | 147(45) | 25(42) | |
| Hospital stays (days), median (IQR) | 9(7–13) | 9(7–12) | 14(10–20) | <0.001* |
| Early neurological outcomes, n (%) | 0.024* | |||
| Neither END nor ENI | 176(45) | 149(45) | 27(45) | |
| ENI | 182(47) | 159(48) | 23(38) | |
| END | 30(8) | 20(6) | 10(17) | |
| Hemorrhagic transformation, n (%) | 43(11) | 29(9) | 14(24) | <0.001* |
| mRS 0-2 at discharge, n (%) | 263(68) | 250(76) | 13(22) | <0.001* |
| mRS 0-2 at 1 year, n (%) | 265(68) | 247(75) | 18(31) | <0.001* |
| Mortality, n (%) | 43(11) | 21(6) | 22(37) | <0.001* |
FOIS the Functional Oral Intake Scale, CRP C-reactive protein, NIHSS National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale, NLR neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, OTT onset-to-treatment time, DNT door-to-needle time, SAP stroke-associated pneumonia, ENI early neurological improvement, END early neurological deterioration, mRS Modified Rankin Scale; IQR, interquartile range
*p < 0.05