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. 2023 Feb 6;14:1074863. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1074863

Figure 3.

Figure 3

A low concentration of TNF-α promotes MSC mineralization and osteogenic differentiation by: inhibiting PPAR-γ activity and increasing TNAP expression and inducing the ubiquitination and degradation of GRK2 via its binding to Mdm2 and decreasing A2BAR desensitization.