Table 1.
Mean (SD) values for each of the global rhythm and intonation measures by age cohort (the cross-sectional factor) and study year (the longitudinal factor).
| Rhythm | Y |
B |
O |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | Year 1 | Year 2 | Year 3 | |
| Articulation rate (syll/s) | 3.04 (0.45) | 3.37 (0.43) | 3.41 (0.41) | 3.30 (0.40) | 3.82 (0.45) | 3.96 (0.57) | 3.37 (0.47) | 3.37 (0.52) | 3.97 (0.58) |
| Prominence spacing (syll) | 1.72 (0.23) | 1.83 (0.19) | 1.83 (0.24) | 1.70 (0.16) | 1.87 (0.22) | 1.89 (0.17) | 1.81 (0.23) | 1.80 (0.22) | 1.85 (0.21) |
| Mean phrase length (syll) | 3.29 (0.92) | 3.79 (1.08) | 3.66 (0.89) | 3.37 (0.78) | 4.00 (0.97) | 4.35 (1.30) | 3.89 (1.14) | 4.09 (1.74) | 4.31 (1.51) |
| Mean phrase duration (s) | 1.08 (0.23) | 1.13 (0.32) | 1.07 (0.24) | 1.02 (0.22) | 1.06 (0.26) | 1.09 (0.29) | 1.15 (0.26) | 1.21 (0.45) | 1.08 (0.28) |
| Phrase length variability (syll) |
2.23 (0.90) |
2.30 (0.77) |
2.29 (0.65) |
2.40 (0.73) |
2.62 (0.63) |
2.76 (0.96) |
2.56 (0.69) |
2.76 (0.93) |
3.01 (1.25) |
|
Y
|
B
|
O
|
|||||||
|
Intonation
|
Year 1
|
Year 2
|
Year 3
|
Year 1
|
Year 2
|
Year 3
|
Year 1
|
Year 2
|
Year 3
|
| SD of f o (Hz) | 53.03 (28.26) | 58.22 (30.46) | 52.13 (24.37) | 54.20 (21.43) | 59.93 (16.19) | 59.47 (18.07) | 48.16 (22.91) | 60.47 (20.98) | 44.16 (14.65) |
| CV of f o | 0.18 (0.08) | 0.20 (0.08) | 0.18 (0.07) | 0.21 (0.08) | 0.23 (0.54) | 0.22 (0.06) | 0.18 (0.06) | 0.23 (0.05) | 0.18 (0.05) |
| Range of f o (Hz) | 500 (88.33) | 571.26 (21.10) | 538.36 (79.97) | 503.96 (107.12) | 568.88 (27.74) | 540.38 (78.90) | 482.32 (135.58) | 561.47 (53.86) | 463.58 (153.13) |
Note. Measurement units indicated in parentheses: syll = syllables; s = seconds; SD = standard deviation; CV = coefficient of variation; Hz = Hertz, f o = fundamental frequency. Y = youngest; B = in-between; O = oldest.