Table 2.
Participants' characteristics and outcome measures at baseline.
| Characteristics | Intervention group (n = 33) | Control group (n = 32) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age | 81.1 ± 8.8 | 81.7 ± 8.4 | 0.7813 |
| Female, n (%) | 25 (75.8) | 23 (71.9) | 0.7218 |
| Height (cm) | 154.1 ± 8.0 | 153.9 ± 8.3 | 0.9344 |
| Body weight (kg) | 53.7 ± 12.4 | 53.2 ± 11.8 | 0.8868 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.5 ± 4.5 | 22.4 ± 4.3 | 0.9018 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 1.3 ± 1.3 | 1.3 ± 1.5 | 0.9805 |
| TMIG Index of competence before admission | 9.0 ± 0.6 | 8.0 ± 0.6 | 0.2269 |
| Fresh VCFs location | |||
| Th6-Th10/Th11-L2/L3-L5 | 3/29/6 | 5/26/7 | 0.6905 |
| Number of fresh VCFs, n (%) | |||
| One/Two/More than two | 28 (84.8)/5 (15.2)/0 (0.0) | 27 (84.4)/4 (12.5)/1 (3.1) | 0.5729 |
| Number of previous VCFs (%) | |||
| Zero/One/Two or more | 8 (24.2)/14 (42.4)/11 (33.3) | 9 (28.1)/11 (34.4)/12 (37.5) | 0.7997 |
| Pain medications | |||
| Loxoprofen-Na | 8 | 9 | 0.7725 |
| Celecoxib | 9 | 12 | |
| Acetaminophen | 17 | 13 | |
| Tramadol | 5 | 4 | |
| Orthosis prescription | |||
| Soft/rigid/no | 19/8/6 | 17/10/5 | 0.8151 |
| MMSE | 24.9 ± 2.3 | 24.3 ± 3.8 | 0.4107 |
| NRS | 7.8 ± 1.9 | 8.1 ± 2.0 | 0.6089 |
| PCS | |||
| Rumination | 14.6 ± 4.0 | 14.2 ± 4.0 | 0.7179 |
| Helplessness | 8.5 ± 4.6 | 8.3 ± 5.5 | 0.8309 |
| Magnification | 5.2 ± 3.2 | 3.8 ± 3.1 | 0.0793 |
| Total | 28.3 ± 9.9 | 26.3 ± 10.8 | 0.4343 |
| TSK-11 | 28.5 ± 5.4 | 29.0 ± 5.6 | 0.7175 |
| GDS-15 | 6.0 ± 3.5 | 6.9 ± 3.1 | 0.2672 |
| Daily step counts | 401.7 ± 486.8 | 427.9 ± 393.9 | 0.8240 |
| Physical activity time (s) | 235.0 ± 333.5 | 269.2 ± 236.8 | 0.6598 |
| FIM | 67.8 ± 15.9 | 64.4 ± 19.7 | 0.4445 |
| EQ-5D 3L | 0.258 ± 0.253 | 0.297 ± 0.263 | 0.555 |
|
| |||
| Ratios of the height of each border of the collapsed body to the posterior border of a normal upper vertebral body | |||
|
| |||
| Anterior (%) | 72.3 ± 16.2 | 72.0 ± 16.6 | 0.9507 |
| Center (%) | 60.4 ± 14.2 | 58.9 ± 13.6 | 0.6596 |
| Posterior (%) | 98.4 ± 9.0 | 95.3 ± 10.5 | 0.1849 |
Data are presented as median and mean ± standard deviation or number of patients (%). BMI, body mass index; VCFs, vertebral compression fracture; MNA-SF, Mini nutritional assessment short form; TMIG Index of competence, Tokyo metropolitan institute of gerontology index of competence; MMSE, mini-mental state examination; NRS, numerical rating scale; PCS, pain catastrophising scale; TSK-11, Tampa scale for Kineshiophbia; GDS-15, 15-item version of the geriatric depression scale; FIM, functional independence measure; EQ-5D 3L, EuroQOL 5-dimension3-level.