Fig. 1. Daily COVID-19 confirmed cases, SARS-CoV-2 wastewater viral load, weekly proportion of SARS-CoV-2 lineages, population vaccination coverage, sera collection history and study subject vaccination history.
a, Daily confirmed COVID-19 cases in Hong Kong stratified by cases confirmed by RT–PCR or RAT, superimposed against 2-day running geometric mean viral load per capita (in millions of copies of SARS-CoV-2 RNA l−1) detected in city-wide wastewater surveillance. b, Weekly proportion of SARS-CoV-2 lineages detected in Hong Kong via genome sequencing as uploaded to GISAID by 14 September 2022. c, Total population with one to four doses of BNT162b2 and/or CoronaVac in Hong Kong. d, Number of serum samples collected weekly. e–h, Vaccination history for study participants with one (e), two (f), three (g) and four (h) homologous doses of BNT162b2 at the time of sample collection. i–l, Vaccination history for study participants with one (i), two (j), three (k) and four (l) homologous doses of CoronaVac at the time of sample collection. The shaded areas in e–l correspond to the duration of the fifth wave from 1 January to 31 July 2022.