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. 2023 Feb 7;14:1085041. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1085041

Figure 2.

Figure 2

The biogenesis and metabolism of TMAO. Dietary choline or L-carnitine in food was metabolized to TMA by gut microbiota, which converted to TMAO by FMO3 in the liver. TMAO was closely related to the development of atherosclerosis, HF, hypertension and other CVDs.