. 2022 Oct 25;62(2):833–845. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-03024-5

Table 3.

Fatty acid profile in total lipids of piglets from Experiment 1

Selected fatty acids		Plasma	Faeces	Jejunum	Liver	Cortex
(g/100 g)
16:0	L1	22.16 ± 0.77ª	52.58 ± 4.81^a	21.82 ± 1.15ª	18.66 ± 0.68ª	23.43 ± 1.81
	L2	20.20 ± 2.63^ab	21.61 ± 2.72^b	18.06 ± 1.78^b	13.14 ± 0.65^b	22.91 ± 0.62
	L3	19.45 ± 2.26^b	37.33 ± 3.79^c	19.22 ± 1.35^b	17.50 ± 0.91^c	23.00 ± 0.67
16:1 n-9	L1	0.52 ± 0.03	0.46 ± 0.17^a	0.48 ± 0.18^ab	0.48 ± 0.08	1.14 ± 0.09
	L2	0.54 ± 0.06	1.14 ± 0.43^b	0.60 ± 0.18ª	0.50 ± 0.10	1.10 ± 0.08
	L3	0.55 ± 0.06	0.66 ± 0.31^a	0.38 ± 0.13^b	0.41 ± 0.06	1.12 ± 0.06
18:0	L1	12.23 ± 0.64	26.98 ± 3.68^a	13.81 ± 1.63	18.97 ± 1.66	20.49 ± 1.85
	L2	12.78 ± 0.88	45.67 ± 7.08^b	14.63 ± 1.96	19.89 ± 1.77	21.24 ± 0.51
	L3	12.57 ± 1.02	35.96 ± 1.84^c	15.69 ± 1.84	19.36 ± 0.85	21.25 ± 0.29
18:1 n-9	L1	22.56 ± 0.73	4.30 ± 0.70^ab	21.64 ± 1.73ª	14.07 ± 1.86^ab	11.52 ± 0.92
	L2	22.79 ± 2.50	3.44 ± 0.95^a	25.16 ± 2.15^b	15.76 ± 1.98ª	11.12 ± 0.75
	L3	22.40 ± 0.62	5.47 ± 1.70^b	21.59 ± 1.22ª	13.32 ± 0.78^b	11.24 ± 0.71
18:2 n-6	L1	20.41 ± 1.62	0.61 ± 0.15^a	22.07 ± 2.33ª	14.01 ± 1.00^a	1.06 ± 0.18ª
	L2	19.63 ± 1.57	0.33 ± 0.09^b	19.77 ± 1.36^b	14.58 ± 1.19ª	1.04 ± 0.10^ab
	L3	20.48 ± 1.46	0.36 ± 0.11^b	20.57 ± 0.76^ab	12.69 ± 0.58^b	0.89 ± 0.04^b
18:3 n-6	L1	0.50 ± 0.18^ab	n.d	0.12 ± 0.03ª	0.33 ± 0.19	tr
	L2	0.53 ± 0.09ª	n.d	0.08 ± 0.01^b	0.28 ± 0.06	tr
	L3	0.30 ± 0.21^b	n.d	0.12 ± 0.02ª	0.28 ± 0.08	tr
18:3 n-3	L1	1.07 ± 0.50^a	0.05 ± 0.01	0.84 ± 0.07ª	0.40 ± 0.21ª	tr
	L2	1.87 ± 0.96^ab	0.05 ± 0.01	2.39 ± 0.26^b	1.58 ± 0.44^b	tr
	L3	2.03 ± 0.55^b	0.07 ± 0.03	2.28 ± 0.26^b	0.92 ± 0.20^c	tr
20:3 n-6	L1	0.60 ± 0.07	tr	0.70 ± 0.18	0.87 ± 0.18^ab	1.03 ± 0.34
	L2	0.59 ± 0.14	tr	0.65 ± 0.26	0.73 ± 0.09ª	1.10 ± 0.38
	L3	0.51 ± 0.10	tr	0.95 ± 0.30	0.95 ± 0.19^b	1.01 ± 0.38
20:4 n-6	L1	5.92 ± 0.90^ab	tr	5.58 ± 1.03	13.51 ± 0.94	11.3 ± 0.54
	L2	5.72 ± 0.79ª	tr	4.45 ± 1.08	12.49 ± 1.21	11.19 ± 0.54
	L3	6.72 ± 0.71^b	tr	5.32 ± 0.67	12.81 ± 0.53	11.32 ± 0.27
20:5 n-3	L1	0.69 ± 0.37ª	tr	0.52 ± 0.09ª	0.62 ± 0.11ª	0.30 ± 0.07
	L2	1.29 ± 0.59^b	tr	0.89 ± 0.17^b	1.97 ± 0.61^b	0.24 ± 0.05
	L3	1.29 ± 0.28^b	tr	1.10 ± 0.20^c	1.73 ± 0.38^b	0.29 ± 0.05
22:4 n-6	L1	0.27 ± 0.08	0.08 ± 0.06	0.52 ± 0.21	0.61 ± 0.11ª	3.96 ± 0.49
	L2	0.24 ± 0.06	0.16 ± 0.09	0.40 ± 0.18	0.34 ± 0.03^b	3.89 ± 0.39
	L3	0.26 ± 0.09	0.11 ± 0.04	0.34 ± 0.07	0.47 ± 0.09^c	4.05 ± 0.32
22:5 n-6	L1	0.12 ± 0.08	tr	0.20 ± 0.02	0.46 ± 0.04ª	2.35 ± 0.53
	L2	0.11 ± 0.08	tr	0.14 ± 0.08	0.20 ± 0.03^b	2.19 ± 0.26
	L3	0.07 ± 0.07	tr	0.19 ± 0.03	0.42 ± 0.07ª	2.21 ± 0.42
22:5 n-3	L1	0.91 ± 0.18	tr	0.70 ± 0.12	1.49 ± 0.19ª	0.29 ± 0.11
	L2	1.12 ± 0.20	tr	0.83 ± 0.26	1.74 ± 0.28ª	0.34 ± 0.07
	L3	0.94 ± 0.32	tr	0.90 ± 0.10	2.14 ± 0.19^b	0.35 ± 0.07
22:6 n-3	L1	3.23 ± 0.53	0.30 ± 0.24	3.75 ± 0.61^ab	7.28 ± 0.62ª	15.00 ± 1.22
	L2	3.76 ± 0.51	0.43 ± 0.31	3.44 ± 0.39ª	8.16 ± 1.01^ab	16.05 ± 1.21
	L3	3.66 ± 0.74	0.28 ± 0.11	4.09 ± 0.45^b	8.73 ± 0.60^b	15.29 ± 1.14
SFA	L1	38.87 ± 1.31	92.58 ± 0.84^a	38.33 ± 0.83ª	41.53 ± 3.10ª	45.60 ± 0.45
	L2	37.55 ± 3.67	89.81 ± 1.16^b	34.93 ± 1.41^b	36.25 ± 1.60^b	45.55 ± 0.52
	L3	36.20 ± 2.13	87.99 ± 2.95^b	37.60 ± 0.58ª	40.39 ± 0.88ª	45.80 ± 0.76
MUFA	L1	26.74 ± 0.94	5.13 ± 0.67^a	25.72 ± 2.62ª	17.90 ± 2.18ª	18.39 ± 1.33
	L2	26.98 ± 2.82	6.69 ± 0.67^b	30.94 ± 2.29^b	20.68 ± 2.52^b	17.82 ± 1.18
	L3	26.99 ± 0.65	7.05 ± 1.63^b	25.55 ± 1.57ª	17.36 ± 1.04ª	18.06 ± 0.95
PUFA	L1	34.14 ± 1.84ª	2.10 ± 0.66	35.68 ± 2.23^ab	40.50 ± 1.63ª	35.75 ± 1.05
	L2	35.28 ± 1.54^ab	3.36 ± 0.92	33.82 ± 1.30ª	42.97 ± 1.05^b	36.43 ± 1.16
	L3	36.67 ± 2.17^b	2.43 ± 1.38	36.37 ± 1.35^b	41.95 ± 0.68^ab	35.86 ± 0.85
LC-PUFA n-6	L1	7.04 ± 0.96	1.14 ± 0.44^a	7.49 ± 1.21	15.98 ± 1.01ª	18.67 ± 1.33
	L2	6.78 ± 0.95	2.56 ± 0.64^b	6.19 ± 1.39	14.34 ± 1.29^b	18.37 ± 0.51
	L3	7.78 ± 0.69	1.72 ± 1.32^ab	7.11 ± 0.65	15.03 ± 0.54^ab	18.60 ± 0.82
LC-PUFA n-3	L1	4.84 ± 0.91^a	0.30 ± 0.24	5.04 ± 0.65ª	9.40 ± 0.61ª	15.60 ± 1.18
	L2	6.18 ± 1.18^b	0.43 ± 0.31	5.34 ± 0.64ª	11.96 ± 1.73^b	16.65 ± 1.16
	L3	5.90 ± 1.10^ab	0.28 ± 0.11	6.16 ± 0.58^b	12.61 ± 1.00^b	15.94 ± 1.13
n-6/n-3	L1	5.00 ± 1.33	–	5.08 ± 0.43ª	3.10 ± 0.17ª	1.27 ± 0.14
	L2	3.64 ± 1.36	–	3.37 ± 0.19^b	2.18 ± 0.26^b	1.17 ± 0.09
	L3	3.72 ± 0.81	–	3.30 ± 0.22^b	2.08 ± 0.23^b	1.23 ± 0.13
Δ6 desaturase	L1	2.94 ± 0.85	–	3.24 ± 1.08	6.19 ± 1.17^ab	99.81 ± 37.59
	L2	3.01 ± 0.86	–	3.32 ± 1.32	5.06 ± 0.94^a	104.10 ± 29.72
	L3	2.49 ± 0.78	–	4.66 ± 1.56	7.45 ± 1.34^b	111.89 ± 40.40

Data are mean ± SD. Only selected fatty acids are listed, but all fatty acids analyzed were considered for the percentage calculation

All the formulas contained 0.2% AA (20:4 n-6) + 0.2% DHA (22:6 n-3). n.d., not detected; tr., traces. Δ6 desaturase was calculated as the ratio between 20:3 n-6/18:2 n-6. N = 8 animals/group. Data not sharing the same superscript letters within a tissue indicate statistical differences between study groups (P < 0.05) (bold face)

L1 vegetal fat (with palm oil), L2 Canola Oil, L3 Canola Oil + milk fat + 3% MFGM