Fig. 3.

Muscle protein synthesis activation by the application of microcurrent. NA noradrenaline, β3-AR beta3 adrenoreceptor, ATP adenosine triphosphate, cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate, PKA protein kinase A, AKT Ak strain transforming/protein kinase B, ACL ATP citrate lyase, ADP adenosine diphosphate, TSC tuberous sclerosis, Rheb Ras homolog enriched in brain, mRORC1 mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 characterised by the presence of Raptor, 4E-BP1 factor 4E-binding protein 1, eIF4E eukaryotic translation initiator factor 4E, P70S6K Ribosomal protein S6 kinase beta-1