Table 5.

Effect of olive pomace oil (OPO) and high oleic sunflower oil (HOSO) consumption on biomarkers endothelial function

	Normocholesterolemic n = 34		Hypercholesterolemic n = 30		P value
	OPO	HOSO	OPO	HOSO	Oil	N/H	N/H* Oil
eNOS (ng/mL)
Initial	0.3 ± 2.3	0.5 ± 5.8	0.5 ± 5.5	0.6 ± 5.5
Relative changes from initial (%)	58.0 ± 150.8	10.0 ± 138.2	38.7 ± 134.3	37.5 ± 92.3	0.827	0.493	0.070
E-selectin (ng/mL)
Initial	6.3 ± 9.3	6.2 ± 7.6	7.3 ± 7.1	6.8 ± 6.6
Relative changes from initial (%)	− 2.6 ± 74.1	− 32.7 ± 66.3	− 9.0 ± 52.4	− 2.0 ± 92.2	0.347	0.378	0.157
P-selectin (ng/mL)
Initial	103 ± 59	95 ± 49	116 ± 57	107 ± 63
Relative changes from initial (%)	18.3 ± 59.0	20.6 ± 65.3	11.4 ± 47.8	22.0 ± 61.4	0.863	0.588	0.993
ICAM-1 (ng/mL)
Initial	1512 ± 365	1483 ± 379	1545 ± 603	1630 ± 564
Relative changes from initial (%)	− 1.5 ± 25.9	2.1 ± 21.2	7.3 ± 56.6	− 1.2 ± 37.9	0.609	0.552	0.189
VCAM-1 (ng/mL)
Initial	7098 ± 2917	6762 ± 3388	6299 ± 3139	6472 ± 3195
Relative changes from initial (%)	3.6 ± 33.7	6.75 ± 40.0	15.7 ± 61.3	0.3 ± 54.1	0.480	0.753	0.277
PAT (LnRHI)2
Initial	–	–	0.6 ± 1.4	0.5 ± 1.3
Relative changes from initial (%)	–	–	29.5 ± 64.1	20.8 ± 49.9	0.484		–

Values represent the initial (pre-treatment) mean values and relative changes from initial values expressed as percentage ± SD. Relative changes from initial values were calculated from initial and final values as [(final value-initial value)/initial value] and analysed using a linear mixed model. P values in the first column correspond to the effect of taking OPO or HOSO, those of the penultimate column correspond to the effect of the group (NC or HC), and the last column to the interaction of oil and group. Significance level was set at P < 0.05. eNOS endothelial nitric oxide synthase, E-selectin endothelial selectin, P-selectin platelet selectin, ICAM-1 intercellular adhesion molecule 1, VCAM-1 vascular cell adhesion molecule 1

² PAT: peripheral arterial tonometry