Table 3.

Incidence rate and risk of incident diabetes associated with fresh fruit consumption on a daily intake level

	Fresh fruit intake (g/d)
	< 28.6	28.7–99	100–149	≥ 150	P trend
Incident diabetes, n (%)*	1518 (7.72)	1183 (6.98)	1352 (7.63)	1500 (6.95)
HR (95% CI)
Model 1	Ref. (1.00)	0.92 (0.86–0.99)	0.94 (0.87–1.02)	0.915 (0.85–0.99)	0.0778
	p	0.0272	0.1161	0.0196
Model 2	Ref. (1.00)	0.92 (0.85–0.99)	0.93 (0.86–1.01)	0.90 (0.83–0.97)	0.0311
	p	0.02176	0.0657	0.0050
Model 3	Ref. (1.00)	0.92 (0.86–1.00)	0.915 (0.85–0.99)	0.875 (0.81–0.95)	0.0093
	p	0.0331	0.0302	0.0008
Model 4	Ref. (1.00)	0.90 (0.83–0.99)	0.912 (0.84–1.00)	0.888 (0.81–0.97)	0.0375
	p	0.0229	0.0394	0.0073

The categorical analyses were according to quartiles of calculated total daily intake of fruit. Data are hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). P values for trend was for the Wald statistic, the “type III” results, for the additive model from the multivariable Cox regression models. Model 1, adjusted for age, sex, and study areas; Model 2, adjusted for age, sex, BMI, waist circumference; Model 3, adjusted for all covariates in Model 2 plus physical activity, sedentary time, smoking and drinking status, education level, family history of diabetes, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, triglycerides, LDL-C and HDL-C; Model 4, further adjusted for the major dietary consumption components based on Model 3. Total n = 75,917 (n = 4005 were missing for the information on fruit consumption on a daily intake level). * as P for Mantel–Haenszel chi-square test was 0.0290. p value was for the risk of diabetes in relation to each specific group of fruit intake, as compared to the < 28.6 g group