Table 1.
Characteristics of included studies.
| Included in the study | Country | Sample size (experimental group / control group) | Age (experimental group / control group) | Intervention measures of experimental group | Intervention measures of control group | Outcome measures |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hale et al. (8) | America | 31/14 | 31.4 ± 11.8/74.4 ± 10.4 | Use the drug monitoring system to ensure that the patient takes the medicine according to the regulations. | Usual care | ➁ |
| Ding et al. (9) | Australia | 31/82 | 31.5 ± 12.3/70.8 ± 12.4 | Use of remote Internet for weight monitoring, structured telephone support, and rehabilitation of patients. | Usual care | ➀ |
| Liu2 et al. (10) | China | 31/30 | 31.27 ±7.1/55.27 ± 6.01 | Use of mobile phone app to guide patients in home cardiac exercise rehabilitation. | Usual care | ➄ |
| Frederix et al. (11) | Belgium | 31/80 | 31(71-83)/77(71-83) | Patients use telemonitoring for daily self-assessment and transfer of data to the responsible telemedicine center. | Usual care | ➀,➂ |
| Koehler et al. (12) | Germany | 31/73 | 31 ± 11/70 ± 10 | Use of telemedicine platforms and wearable devices for self-monitoring and self-assessment of health status. | Usual care | ➀–➂ |
| Koehler et al. (13) | Germany | 31/356 | 31.9 ± 10.8/66.9 ± 10.5 | Use of telemedicine platforms and wearable devices for self-monitoring and self-assessment of health status. | Usual care | ➀ |
| Scherr et al. (14) | Australia | 31/54 | 31(62-76)/66(62-72) | Using telemedicine systems for communication and wearable devices for self-monitoring (blood pressure, heart rate, weight). | Usual care | ➀,➁ |
| Athilingan et al. (15) | America | 31/9 | 31.06 ± 4.02 | Self-monitoring with mobile applications | Usual care | ➅ |
| Chen et al. (16) | China | 31/260 | 31 ± 14/62 ± 15 | Use cell phone text alerts and phone calls to remind patients. | Usual care and health education | ➀–➂,➄ |
| Dang et al. (17) | America | 31/16 | 31.0 ± 9.4/60.3 ± 9.0 | Use cell phone text alerts and phone calls to remind patients. | Usual care | ➃–➅ |
| Seto et al. (18) | Canada | 31/50 | 31.1 ± 13.7/32.3 ± 13.7 | Using a smartphone for remote monitoring of weight and blood pressure automatically sent to a cell phone via Bluetooth. | Usual care | ➄ |
| Melin et al. (19) | Sweden | 31/40 | 31 ± 8 | Using tablets to provide prognostic care knowledge, including medication guidance, lifestyle, health education, condition monitoring. | Usual care | ➃,➅ |
| Dendale et al. (20) | Belgium | 31/80 | 31 ± 10 | Use the Internet to monitor the condition, provide health education, diet guidance and exercise suggestions. | Usual care | ➀–➂ |
| Villani et al. (21) | Italy | 31/40 | 31.3 ± 11.6/57.9 ± 11.9 | Use remote monitoring technology for disease monitoring (such as heart rate, body weight, blood pressure, electrocardiogram). | Usual care | ➀,➁ |
| Vuorinen et al. (22) | Finland | 31/47 | 31.3 ± 11.6/57.9 ± 11.9 | Use mobile apps for disease monitoring and symptom self-assessment. | Usual care | ➀,➂,➅ |
| Cichosz et al. (23) | Denmark | 31/154 | 31(59.5-77)/69(61-76) | Use of tablets and wearable devices to collect disease-specific data (blood pressure, pulse and weight), medication monitoring and dietary guidance, and rehabilitation training. | Usual care | ➀,➃ |
| Johnson et al. (24) | America | 31/15 | 31.4 ± 23.4/60.7 ± 15.0 | Use the Internet to provide educational videos and daily tips to patients. | Usual care | ➀ |
| Schmaderer et al. (25) | America | 31/26 | 31.6 ± 14.2 | Using mobile health apps to provide health education, self-monitoring to patients. | Usual care | ➁ |
| Völler et al. (26) | Germany | 31/241 | 31.0 ± 11.5 | Use the telemedicine platform motiva and wearable devices to provide prognosis care for patients, including measuring vital signs (blood pressure, heart rate and body weight). | Usual care and health diary | ➀–➂ |
| Yanicelli et al. (27) | Argentina | 31/90 | 31.0 ± 10.6 | Use the Home Remote Monitoring System application to collect collect weight, blood pressure, heart rate and list of symptoms (swollen ankles, swollen legs, shortness of breath, etc.) and provide health education to patients. | Usual care | ➅ |
| Piotrowicz et al. (28) | America | 31/391 | 31.2 ± 10.0/62.1 ± 10.2 | Patients underwent either an HCTR program (1 week in the hospital [initial stage] and 8 weeks at home; exercise training 5 times per week). | Usual care | ➃ |
| Saleh et al. (29) | Jordan | 31/67 | 31(61-72)/65(62-72) | Tele group patients were asked to measure vital parameters (blood pressure, heart rate, body weight) on a daily basis at the same time. | Usual care | ➃ |
➀All-cause mortality, ➁All-cause hospitalization rate, ➂Heart failure related hospitalization rate, ➃SF-23, ➄MLHFQ, ➅Self-care behavior.