Table 2.
Demographic data
| Study ID | Setting | Study design | Population | NP group | Control group | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Age | F, M | Pain duration | N | Age | F, M | ||||
| Yip 2008 [21] | Hospital | Cross-sectional | Patients | 62 | 39.92 ± 10.80 | 40 F, 22 M | – | 52 | 42.33 ± 11.18 | 36 F, 16 M |
| Silva 2009 [6] | Hospital and general community | Cross-sectional | Patients; gen pop | 40 | 50.2 ± 7.9; (33–69) | 34 F, 6 M | > 6 months | 40 | 50.2 ± 7.9; (34–68) | 34 F, 6 M |
| Lau 2010 [38] | Hospital | – | Patients | 30 | 46.7 ± 9.5; (27–59) | 16 F, 14 M | > 3 months | – | – | – |
| Lau 2010 [39] | Hospital, clinics | Cross-sectional | Patients | 30 | 36.77 ± 9.83; (20–50) | 20 F, 10 M | – | 30 | 34.50 ± 9.95; (20–50) | 13 F, 17 M |
| Helgadottir 2011 [47] | PT clinics | – | Patients | 21 |
35.23 ± 8.41 (25–54) |
19 F, 2 M | > 6 months | 20 | 29.70 ± 7.75 (21–51) | 17 F, 3 M |
| Quek 2012 [42] | Hospital | Cross-sectional | Elderly patients | 51 |
66 ± 4.9; (60–78) |
29 F, 22 M | – | – | – | – |
| Juliana 2012 [45] | – | – | Female subjects | 11 | 31.55 ± 11.11; (20–50) | 11 F | > 3 months | 11 | 25.27 ± 2.61; (20–50) | 11 F |
| Dolphens 2012 [34] | School | Cross-sectional | Adolescent students | 1196 | 10.6 ± 0.47 | 557 F | – | – | – | – |
| 12.6 ± 0.54 | 639 M | |||||||||
| Ruivo 2014 [5] | School | Cross-sectional | 275 Adolescent students (153 F, 122 M) | 105 | 15–17 | – | – | 170 | 15–17 | – |
| Nagai 2014 [23] | Combat aviation brigade | – | Male active-duty helicopter pilots | 27 | 34.5 ± 6.4; (18–55) | 27 M | > 1 year | 27 | 34.3 ± 6.1; (18–55) | 27 M |
| Nejati 2014 [28] | University | Cross-sectional | Office workers | 55 | 39 ± 8 | 40 F, 15 M | > 3 months | 46 | – | – |
| Dunleavy 2015 [50] | – | Cross-sectional (Reliability) | – | 20 |
51.8 ± 8 (35–69) |
20 F | > 3 months | 20 |
51.7 ± 8 (35–69) |
20 F |
| Oliveira 2016 [24] | School | – | 10–12th grade students | 35 | 16.6 ± 0.7 | 25 F, 10 M | – | 35 | 16.7 ± 0.7 | 22 F, 13 M |
| Kim 2016 [17] | University | – | College students | Total 126 |
23.9 ± 1.5; (19–24) |
31 F, 95 M | – | – | – | – |
| Richards 2016 [48] | – | Cross-sectional (cohort) | Adolescents | 1108 | – | – | – | – | – | – |
| MohanKumar 2017 [4] | – | – | Young adults | 30 | 25.77 ± 2.063 (20–30) | – | > 2 months | 30 | 23.97 ± 1.974 (20–30) | – |
| Mani 2017 [40] | University teaching hospital | Cross-sectional, convenience sampling | Volunteers | 16 | 27.7 ± 16.4; (10–65 y) | – | > 6 months | 15 | 24.7 ± 6.3; 17–40 | – |
| Subbarayalu 2017 [46] | IT industry | Cross-sectional | IT professionals | Total 84 | 20–40 | 27 F, 57 M | > 3 months | – | – | – |
| DH Kim 2018 [36] | Hospital | – | Hospital employees; FHP subjects—CVA < 52 | 22 | 28.55 ± 5.15; (20–40) | 13 F, 9 M | – | 22 | 26.64 ± 4.54 | 14 F, 8 M |
| Kocur 2019 [37] | Office | – | Female office workers | 16 | 42.4 ± 9.6 (30–55) | 16 F | – | 16 | 40.4 ± 5.9 | 16 F |
| Leila Ghamkhar 2019 [22] | Outpatient clinic; university campus | Cross-sectional correlational | Patients; employees and students | 32 | 20–55 | 23 F, 9 M | > 3 months | 35 | – | 23 F, 12 M |
| Kanda 2021 [49] | – | – | Young female subjects | 21 | 20.6 ± 0.8 | 21 F | > 1 year | 18 | 20.6 ± 0.8 | 18 F |
| Elderly female subjects | 22 | 71.1 ± 4.5 | 22 F | > 1 year | 11 | 71.1 ± 4.5 | 11 F | |||
| Ertekin 2021 [35] | – | Retrospective | NSP students, RSP > 3 cm | 39 | 22.9 ± 3.8 | 39 F | – | – | – | – |
| Save 2021 [44] | College | Cross-sectional | College students | 18 | 18–25 | - | > 3 months | 18 | 18–25 | - |
| Sarig 2022 [43] | – | Cross-sectional | University staff and students | 22 | 38.1 ± 9.9 (18–65) | 14 F, 8 M | > 2 months | 20 | 33.6 ± 7.7 (18–65) | 10 F, 10 M |
| FHP Group (CVA < 50) | Control Group (CVA > 50) | |||||||||
| Patricia 2020 [41] | University | Cross-sectional | College students | 32 | 20.54 ± 2.96 | 21 F, 11 M | > 3 months | 64 | 19.48 ± 1.96 | 38 F, 26 M |
NP neck pain, N sample size, F female, M male, FHP forward head posture, CVA craniovertebral angle, NSP neck shoulder pain