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. 2023 Feb 9;25:273–290. doi: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.01.021

Fig. 4.

Fig. 4

Characterization of GOVM-gel strength and reversible adhesiveness by fresh porcine bone samples. (a) End-to-end GOVM-gel strength test. (b) Lap-shear GOVM-gel strength test. (c) Representative stress-displacement curve and adhesive strength of end-to-end tensile test after incorporating different ratios of MBGNs. (d) Lap-shear adhesive strength of GOVM-gel after incorporation of MBGNs and its representative stress-displacement curve. (e) Schematic diagram of bone glue bonding pig femoral head. (f) Demonstration of the adhesive strength of glued bone piece from porcine femur using GOVM-gel by lifting a bucket containing 2.69L water. (g) Demonstration of the reversible adhesiveness through rejoining bone pieces with residual GOVM-gel after the failure of the glued joint. (h) Comparative study GOVM-gel adhesives on the primary adhesive strength before failure and secondary adhesive strength after rejoining. (i) Demonstration of the adjustable adhesiveness via rotating one of the bone pieces for 180° after binding them with GOVM-gel. (n = 3, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001).