FIGURE 2.

TGF-β mimetic peptide CMs in cartilage regeneration. (A). CM1 was used in mouse wound model and improved the repair efficiency of neotissue thickness (A), calcification (B), collagen secretion (C), compared with control group (D) (El-Sakka et al., 1997). (B). CM10 induced early epithelialization and vascularization of skin wound, so as to strengthen the collagen deposition and tissue reconstruction (Basu et al., 2009). (C). Administration of CM1 and CM2 improved the GAGs production, independent of dosage (Renner and Liu, 2013). (D). Compared with physically mixed into HA hydrogel, chemically crosslinked CM2 showed stabler release curve (A) and better GAGs deposition (B) (Park et al., 2019). (E). CM10 was loaded on nanofiber hollow microspheres prepared by emulsification and phase separation (A). Safranin O staining exhibited significantly higher GAGs secretion in vitro (B). After implanted subcutaneously in rats, the Safranin O, Von kossa and immunohistochemical stains showed better deposition of GAGs and collagen, with little calcification (C) (Zhang et al., 2015a).