Table 1.

Examples of the application of CRISPR-Cas technology in diverse crops species (cereal, fruit, vegetable, ornamentals, and medicinal crops) for consumer specific commercial trait improvement.

Crop name	Traits	Genes	Mutation type	Reference
Solanum tuberosum	High amylose content	StSBE1, StSBE2,	Base edition/deletion	Tuncel et al., 2019
	Anti-browning	StPPO2	Knock out	González et al, 2020
		gbssI	Knock out	Toinga-Villafuerte et al., 2022
Ipomoea batatas	High amylose content	IbGBSSI, IbSBEII	Base edition/deletion	Wang et al., 2019
Solanum lycopersicum	High GABA content	SlGAD2, SlGAD3	Base edition/deletion	Nonaka et al., 2017
	Increased lycopene content	slyPDS, BnFAD2	Base edition/deletion	Li et al., 2018
	Increased lycopene content	SlSGR1, SlBlc	Base edition/deletion	Li et al, 2018
Ophiorrhiza pumila	Secondary metabolite ehancement	OpG10H or OpSLS	Base deletion	Shi et al., 2020
Solanum melongena	Polyphenol content	SmelPPO4, SmelPPO5, and SmelPPO6	knock-out	Maioli et al., 2020
Ipomea nil	Colour	DFR-B	Base edition/deletion	Watanabe et al., 2017
Brassica napus	High oleic acid proportion	BnFAD2	Base deletion	Liu et al., 2022
	Low phytic acid content	BnITPK	Base edition/deletion	Sashidhar et al., 2020
	High oil production and GPC	BnTT8	Base edition/deletion	Zhai et al., 2020
	Increased in size of the oil bodies	Bnlpat2, Bnlpat5	Base edition/deletion	Zhang et al., 2019
	Lignin contents	BnSHP1, BnSHP2	Base edition/deletion	Zaman et al., 2021
	Oil content	BnaA08FAE1, BnaC03FAE1	Nucleotides deletion	Liu et al., 2022
Artemisia annua	Artemisin	Squalene synthase (SQS)	Nucleotides deletion	Koerniati and Simanjuntak, 2020
Torenia fournieri	Color	TfF3H	Base edition/deletion	Nishihara et al., 2018
Oriza sativa	Aroma	OsBADH2	Nucleotides deletion	Ashokkumar et al., 2020
	Monounsaturated fatty acids synthesis	OsFAD2-1	Base deletion	Bahariah et al., 2021
	Lignin content	Os4CL3 and Os4CL4	Knock out	Afifi et al., 2022
Gossypium hirsutum L.	Fiber development	GhMYB25-like A, GhMYB25-like D	Base edition/deletion	Li et al., 2017
Gossypium hirsutum (Cotton)	Fiber development	GhALARP	Base deletion	Zhu et al., 2018
Populus tremula×alba	Lignin biosynthesis	4CL1, 4CL2 4CL5	Knock out	Tsai et al., 2020
Zea mays	Aroma	ZmBADH2a, ZmBADH2b	Knock out	Wang et al., 2021
Taraxacum kok-saghyz	Rubber synthesis	1-FFT	Base edition/deletion	Iaffaldano et al, 2016
Glycine max	Oleic acid	FAD2–2	Base edition/deletion	Aman et al., 2018
	Flavor	GmLox1, GmLox2, GmLox3	Base deletion	Wang et al., 2020
Camelina sativa	Monounsaturated Fatty Acid	FAD2	Base edition	Lee et al., 2021
Cucumis melo	Fruit ripening	CmCTR1, CmROS1	Base deletion	Giordano et al., 2022
Arachis hypogaea	High oleic acid oil content	FAD2	Base edition/deletion	Neelakandan et al., 2022
Medicago truncatula	Triterpene saponins	CYP93E2 and CYP72A61	Base deletion	Confalonieri et al., 2021
Salvia miltiorrhiza	Diterpene enhancement	SmCPS1, SmRAS	Base deletion	Li et al., 2017
	Lignin formation	SmLACs	Base deletion	Zhou et al., 2021
Atropa belladonna	Tropane alkaloid biosynthesis	PYKS	Knock out	Hasebe et al., 2021