Table 3.
Maternal and neonatal characteristics of those rooming-in versus separated.
| Rooming-in |
Separated |
Difference | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maternal characteristics | Mothers (n = 303) | Mothers (n = 356) | ||
| Reason for admission | COVID-19 disease, 13 (4%) Delivery, 234 (78%) Perinatal complication, 3 (1%) Missing data, 3 |
COVID-19 disease, 147 (42%) Delivery, 182 (51%) Perinatal complication, 21 (6%) Missing data, 2 |
−38% 27% −5% |
<0.0001e |
| Active COVID-19 at delivery | 220 (73%) Missing data, 3 |
323 (91%) Missing data, 2 |
−18% | <0.0001f |
| Mode of delivery | Caesarean section, 91 (30%) Vaginal, 211 (70%) Missing data, 1 |
Caesarean section, 244 (69%) Vaginal, 112 (31%) |
−39% | <0.0001f |
| Symptoms at delivery | None, 268 (89%) Milda, 24 (8%) Moderateb, 3 (1%) Severec, 5 (2%) Missing data, 3 |
None, 165 (47%) Milda, 75 (21%) Moderateb, 25 (7%) Severec, 88 (25%) Missing data, 3 |
42% −13% −6% −23% |
<0.0001e |
| Symptoms during admission | None, 266 (88%) Milda, 22 (7%) Moderateb, 6 (2%) Severec, 7 (2%) Missing data, 2 |
None, 160 (45%) Milda, 80 (23%) Moderateb, 24 (7%) Severec, 89 (25%) Missing data, 3 |
43% −16% −5% −23% |
<0.0001e |
|
Neonatal characteristics |
Neonates (n = 311) |
Neonates (n = 369) |
||
| Gestational age at birth (completed weeks) | 39 (38, 40)d Missing data, 1 |
37 (33, 38)d | 2 (2,3)d | <0.0001c |
| Gestational age <37 weeks | 16 (5%) | 182 (49%) | −44% | <0.0001f |
| Gestational age <30 weeks | 1 (0.3%) | 29 (8%) | −7.7% | <0.0001f |
| Clinical condition during hospitalisation until discharge or confirmed recovery | Asymptomatic, 298 (96%) Respiratory failure requiring respiratory support ± oxygen therapy, 2 (1%) Jaundice, 4 (1%) Feeding difficulties, 3 (1%) Apnoea, 2 (1%) Tachycardia, 2 (1%) Fever or temperature instability, 1 (0.3%) Gastrointestinal symptoms, 1 (0.3%) Lethargy, 1 (0.3%) Respiratory distress, 1 (0.3%) Sepsis, 3 (1%) Desaturation, 1 (0.3%) Hypoglycaemia, 1 (0.3%) Testicular torsion, 1 (0.3%) |
Asymptomatic, 175 (47%) Respiratory failure requiring respiratory support ± oxygen therapy, 144 (39%) Jaundice, 15 (4%) Feeding difficulties, 14 (4%) Apnoea, 3 (1%) Tachycardia, 1 (0.3%) Fever or temperature instability, 3 (1%) Gastrointestinal symptoms, 3 (1%) Lethargy, 7 (2%) Respiratory distress, 11 (3%) Sepsis, 15 (4%) Myocarditis, 1 (0.3%) Other, 30 (8%) |
49% −38% −3% −3% 0% 0.7% −0.7% −0.7% −1.7% −2.7% −3% |
<0.0001e |
| Confirmed SARS-CoV-2 positive | 12 (4%) Missing data, 88 |
14 (4%) Missing data, 17 |
0% | 0.54f |
Bold text highlight clinically important differences.
a
Mild maternal symptoms included fever, rhinitis, sore throat and/or cough.
b
Moderate symptoms included pneumonia and/or respiratory distress without ventilation or oxygen.
c
Severe symptoms were requiring non-invasive ventilation, invasive ventilation, acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocarditis, sepsis and/or shock.
d
Median (25th percentile, 75th percentile) and difference of medians (95% CI of difference); Mann–Whitney test. Symptom classification as per World Health Organisation classification of COVID-19 clinical severity.9
e
Chi-squared test.
f
Fisher exact test.