Table 2.
Outcomes of COVID-19 patients with and without acute pulmonary embolism
| Pulmonary embolism positivea | Pulmonary embolism negativeb | aHR/ORc p value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mortality | 264 (23.6%) | 3918 (12.8%) | 1.36 (1.20–1.55), p < 0.001 |
| Intubation | 174 (17.6%) | 2874 (9.3%) | 1.38 (1.18–1.61), p < 0.001 |
| History of pulmonary embolism/DVT | 92 (8.2%) | 77 (1.7%) | 5.11 (3.75–6.98), p < 0.001 |
| Chest pain | 93 (8.3%) | 246 (5.5%) | 1.55 (1.21–1.99), p < 0.001 |
| Length of stay (days) | 9 (5–18) | 6 (3–11) | 1.02 (1.02–1.03), p < 0.001 |
| CRP (mg/dl) | 89.95 (41.98–176.93) | 76.8 (31–152) | 1.001 (1.0009–1.002), p < 0.001 |
| Ferritin (ng/ml) | 665 (292–1292) | 556 (256–1181) | 1 (0.99–1), p = 0.57 |
| d-dimer FEU (mcg/ml) | 1.98 (0.95–6.38) | 0.97 (0.54–1.87) | 1.13 (1.1–1.15), p < 0.001 |
| d-dimer DDU (mcg/ml) | 1.03 (0.44–3.74) | 0.42 (0.25–0.80) | 1.13 (1.06–1.21), p < 0.001 |
| Fibrinogen (mg/dl) | 539 (393–684) | 553 (430–681) | 0.999 (0.998–0.999), p = 0.03 |
| LDH (units/l) | 406 (293–567) | 341 (253–478) | 1.0003 (1.00001–1.0006), p = 0.001 |
| Lymphocytes (1000/ml) | 1.04 (0.67–1.59) | 0.96 (0.65–1.4) | 1.04 (0.99–1.09) p = 0.101 |
| Heart rate (beats/min) | 91 (77–104) | 86 (76–100) | 1.009 (1.004–1.013), p < 0.001 |
Data are n (%) or median (IQR 25–75th percentile)
aTotal no of pulmonary embolism positive COVID-19 patients for mortality and secondary outcomes (history of pulmonary embolism/DVT, chest pain, length of stay, CRP, ferritin, D-dimer FEU and DDU, fibrinogen, LDH, lymphocytes, Heart rate) are 1117. For intubation outcomes, total no of pulmonary embolism positive patients are 989, since 128 patients were diagnosed with pulmonary embolism after the intubation
bTotal no of pulmonary embolism negative COVID-19 patients for primary outcomes (mortality and intubation) are 30,383. For secondary outcomes, total count for pulmonary embolism negative patients are 4468
cPrimary outcomes are reported as adjusted HR (aHR), secondary outcomes are reported as Odds ratio (OR)