Table 2.
The extracted training functionalities of pregnancy self-care mobile apps
| Training Function | Function Description |
|---|---|
| Maternal | |
| Health care | Such as complete vaccination, dental and gum hygiene, skin and hair care, bathing, proper maternity clothes, and use of cosmetics |
| Physical activity | Travel: Tips for travel and entertainment during pregnancy Working conditions: Tips for adapting to the work environment during pregnancy Sleep: Including changes in sleep patterns in pregnancy Exercise in pregnancy: Suggestions about the type of exercise, its duration, and intensity (in photos or videos format) during pregnancy |
| Nutrition | Weight tracking: Tips for gaining weight during pregnancy, and investigating the relationship between overall weight gain and gestational age Proper and varied nutrition: Proper and varied nutrition Cooking recipe: Cooking the right foods for pregnant women Medications and supplements: Introducing how to take medications and supplements such as iron, folic acid, and the like |
| Common complications | Changes in the mother’s body: Hormonal changes during pregnancy and following that, common changes in blood oxygen level, temperature, skin, hair and nails, heart rate, breasts, cervix, and lumbar spine curvature |
| High-risk complications | Pregnancy risk factors: Including visual disorders, dyspnea, vaginal bleeding, fever, edema, preterm delivery, gestational diabetes, thyroid disorders, urinary tract infection, and strangury as well as tips on significant problems in pregnancy, including back pain, abdominal pain, and leg pain Other dangerous signs: Including BMI<18.5 or>35, cancer, epilepsy, age >35 or <17, twin or multiple pregnancies, history of more than 3 abortions, personal or family history of birth with congenital anomalies, history of preterm labor, infectious diseases such as HIV or hepatitis C, and itching all over the body |
| Common diseases of pregnant women | Hypertension: Tips on gestational hypertension and chronic pre-pregnancy hypertension and its timely control Pregnancy loss: Abortion, molar pregnancy, fetal death, and re-attempt to conceive Diabetes screening: Tips for gestational diabetes screening Other diseases: Including relatively common pregnancy-related diseases such as heart and liver disease, varicose veins, and hemorrhoids |
| Screening and tests | Including a description of blood and urine tests, genetic screening and anomalies, and deadline of each test |
| Preventive care | Fetal growth: Descriptions of fetal growth, development, and changes Complications and their solutions: Introducing pregnancy complications and ways to reduce them Lifestyle: Materials such as intercourse, sleeping positions, keeping pets, and other tips of coexistence in the family during pregnancy Vaccination: Time and method of vaccination |
| Mental Health | Feelings and emotions changes: Including changes in thoughts, feelings, and psyche during pregnancy Religious advice: Consists of religious memoirs, surahs, and prayers for pregnancy and the time of reciting them Music: Listening to quiet and simple music to stimulate fetal heart rate and to increase endorphin |
| Paternal | |
| Fathers training | Tips on accompanying the spouse to receive pregnancy care, participating in home affairs, providing health advice to pregnant women, empowering her to promote reproductive-sexual health to reduce mortality, improving her health, and reducing inequalities |