Table 4.
Multivariable Analysis of Factors Associated with Recent and Long-Term HIV Infection in Multinomial Logistic Regression, Kenya 2012 and 2018 Combined (n = 38,001)
| Characteristic | Recent infection compared to HIV-uninfected |
Long-term infection compared to HIV-uninfected |
||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR | 95% CI | aOR | 95% CI | |
| Year | ||||
| 2012 | 3.2 | 1.2–8.5 | 0.92 | 0.79–1.1 |
| 2018 (Ref.) | ||||
| Sex | ||||
| Male (Ref.) | ||||
| Female | 2.4 | 0.77–7.5 | 3.1 | 2.6–3.7 |
| Province | ||||
| Nyanza/Western | 1.9 | 0.76–4.8 | 2.3 | 1.9–2.6 |
| Other (Ref.) | ||||
| Age group (years) | ||||
| 15–24 | 3.1 | 0.76–13 | 0.17 | 0.13–0.20 |
| 25–34 | 4.2 | 1.4–13 | 0.64 | 0.56–0.74 |
| 35–64 (Ref.) | ||||
| Education | ||||
| No education/Primary (Ref.) | ||||
| ≥Primary | 2.8 | 0.88–9.1 | 1.5 | 1.3–1.7 |
| Lifetime number of sex partners | ||||
| 0–1 (Ref.) | ||||
| 2–3 | 5.2 | 1.6–17 | 1.8 | 1.5–2.1 |
| ≥4 | 8.6 | 2.8–26 | 2.9 | 2.4–3.6 |
| Unknown/Missing | 13 | 2.4–71 | 1.3 | 0.91–2.0 |
| Circumcision status (males only) | ||||
| Circumcised (Ref.) | ||||
| Not circumcised | 2.4 | 0.49–11 | 4.3 | 3.4–5.4 |
| Ever tested for HIV | ||||
| Yes (Ref.) | ||||
| No | 4.1 | 1.5–11 | 0.33 | 0.26–0.42 |
| Genital ulcer/sore in last 12 months | ||||
| Yes | 0.91 | 0.25–3.3 | 1.8 | 1.4–2.3 |
| No (Ref.) | ||||
| Used condom at last sex in last 12 months | ||||
| Yes (Ref.) | ||||
| No | 2.1 | 0.48–9.7 | 0.15 | 0.13–0.18 |
| Not sexually active | 0.56 | 0.10–3.1 | 0.44 | 0.37–0.53 |
| Unknown/Missing | 1.9 | 0.36–10 | 0.38 | 0.28–0.52 |
Recent and long-term HIV infection according to full RITA based on LAg-avidity assay, antiretroviral treatment (self-report and biomarker) and viral load ≥1,000 c/mL. Items in bold are significant (CI excludes 1.0). Odds ratios rounded to two significant digits.