Table I.
Different effects of 5-aza-C and 5-aza-D in cancer cells.
| First author/s, year | Feature | 5-aza-C | 5-aza-D | (Refs.) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Stresemann and Lyko, 2008 | RNA incorporation | 80-90% | No | (45) |
| Stresemann and Lyko, 2008 | DNA incorporation | 20-40% | 100% | (45) |
| Stresemann and Lyko, 2008 | DNA strand breaks | Weaker DNA damage compared with 5-aza-D | Increased DNA damage compared with 5-aza-C | (45) |
| Stresemann and Lyko, 2008 | Demethylating capacity | Weaker DNA demethylating activity than 5-aza-D | 90% more than 5-aza-C | (45) |
| Nguyen et al, 2010 | Cell cycle | Arrest at phase G1 | Increases the number of cells arrested in G2 phase and mitosis | (77) |
| Hollenbach et al, 2010 | Gene expression | Decreasing the expression of genes related to the cell cycle and metabolic processes | Regulates genes related to cell differentiation | (62) |
| Zheng et al, 2012; Soengas et al, 2001 | Mechanism of action | Transcriptional regulation and induced hypomethylation | Induced demethylation, removal of methylation, histone modifications or a combination of both | (52,222) |
5-aza-C, 5-azacytidine; 5-aza-D, 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine; n/a, not applicable.