TABLE 1.

Key similarities and differences between primary palliative care, specialty palliative care, hospice, and advance care planning

	Primary palliative care	Specialty palliative care	Hospice	Advance care planning
Primary focus	Quality of life, symptoms, psychosocial and spiritual support	Quality of life, symptoms, psychosocial and spiritual support	Quality of life, symptoms, psychosocial and spiritual support	Longitudinal process of discussing and documenting patient values and preferences around their care (e.g., end of life); identifying surrogate decision makers
Delivered by	Primary or specialist treating teams	Palliative care clinicians/teams, as consultants or embedded within practices	Usually private hospice agencies (or within Veterans Administration system for veterans)	Any clinician; persons can also complete some documents on their own.
Timing	Any time a need is identified	Any time a need is identified	Prognosis ≤6 months	Can be addressed early in the illness course and revisited on a regular basis and when there are major clinical changes
Location	Anywhere under the care of treating team	Inpatient, outpatient, community (home, nursing home)	Home, nursing home, inpatient (limited time for uncontrolled symptoms)	Anywhere
Reimbursement	Routine CMS billing	Routine CMS billing	Capitated payment model through Medicare Part A	Can be reimbursed with ACP billing codes: 99497 (first 30 min) 99498 (additional 30 min)