Table 2.
SWI/SNF role in hematological tumors
| Subunit | Role (TS/OG/TM)a | Malignancy | Described effect | Refs. | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ATPase-Helicase | SMARCA4 | TM | AML | Maintenance of leukemic cells | [51, 85, 87] |
| SMARCA2/4 | TM | AML | Higher dependency on SMARCA4 and SMARCA2 in leukemic cells | [88] | |
| ARID subunits | ARID1A | TM | AML | Maintenance of leukemic cells | [51] |
| TS | AML | Its loss increases cell proliferation and inhibits apoptosis of AML cells | [89] | ||
| ARID1B | TS | AML | Its loss accelerates leukemogenesis and promotes leukemic maintenance | [36] | |
| TS | APL | Required for cellular differentiation | [84] | ||
| ARID2 | TS | AML | Its loss accelerates leukemogenesis | [36, 37] | |
| TM | AML | Maintenance of leukemic cells | [36] | ||
| Core subunits | SMARCB1 | TS | – | Its loss promotes lymphomagenesis (CD8+ T cells) | [90] |
| TS | CML | Its loss accelerates leukemogenesis | [91] | ||
| TS | AML | Its loss activates oncogenic gene expression programs | [92] | ||
| SMARCC1 | TM | AML | Maintenance of leukemic cells | [51] | |
| SMARCD1 | TM | AML | Maintenance of leukemic cells | [51] | |
| SMARCD2 | TM | AML | Maintenance of leukemic cells | [51, 85] | |
| Accessory subunits | ACTL6A | TM | AML | Maintenance of leukemic cells | [51] |
| BCL7A | TS | DLBCL | Impairs proliferation of DLBCL cells | [86] | |
| BCL11A | OG | CLL, NHL, and HL | Chromosomal translocations or amplifications of this gene are found in lymphoid malignancies | [93] | |
| OG | AML | Acceleration of the onset of Trib1-induced AML. Its loss reduces leukemogenicity | [94] | ||
| OG | – | Increases the onset of leukemia of either myeloid or lymphoid lineage | [95] | ||
| TM | NKTL | Its loss increases apoptosis and reduces proliferation of NKTL cells | [96] | ||
| BCL11B | TS | CML | Haploinsufficiency of Bcl11b promotes oncogenicity of the Bcr-Abl fusion in CML | [97] | |
| TS | T-ALL | Haploinsufficient tumor suppressor | [98] | ||
| OG | ALAL | Cell self-renewal, myeloid differentiation blockage, activation of T cell genes | [99, 100] | ||
| DPF2 | TM | AML | Maintenance of leukemic cells | [85] | |
| BRD9 | TM | ALL, MM | Its loss promotes apoptosis and sensitizes ALL and MM cells to chemotherapy. | [101] | |
| TM | AML | Maintenance of leukemic cells | [102] |
aTS Tumor suppressor, OG Oncogene, TM Tumor-Maintenance, ALAL acute leukemia of ambiguous lineage, ALL acute lymphoblastic leukemia, AML acute myeloid leukaemia, APL acute promyelocytic leukaemia, CLL chronic lymphocytic leukemia, CML chronic myeloid leukaemia, DLBCL diffuse large B cell lymphoma, HL Hodgkin lymphoma, MM multiple myeloma, NKTL natural killer T cell lymphoma, NHL non-hodgkin lymphoma; -: unclassified