Table 4.
Generalized estimating equations analysis for all variables and PHQ-9 score (n = 705).
| PHQ-9 scorea |
||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β | SE | Wald χ2 | Exp(β) (95%CI) | P value | ||
| Age≥75 years old | 0.003 | 0.196 | <0.001 | 1.003 (0.684–1.472) | 0.986 | |
| Gender = female | 0.019 | 0.169 | 0.012 | 1.019 (0.732–1.417) | 0.912 | |
| Marital status = single/divorced/widowed | 0.166 | 0.208 | 0.636 | 1.180 (0.785–1.773) | 0.425 | |
| Living status rowhead | ||||||
| Living with family | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | - | |
| Living with caregivers | 0.151 | 0.238 | 0.403 | 1.163 (0.725–1.852) | 0.525 | |
| Living with law-partner | 0.659 | 0.361 | 3.334 | 1.932 (0.953–3.917) | 0.068 | |
| Alone | 0.148 | 0.239 | 0.381 | 1.159 (0.725–1.852) | 0.537 | |
| Educational background rowhead | ||||||
| Elementary school and below | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | - | |
| Junior school | −0.220 | 0.252 | 0.765 | 0.802 (0.489–1.315) | 0.382 | |
| Senior and vocational school | 0.272 | 0.292 | 0.869 | 1.312 (0.741–2.323) | 0.351 | |
| University degree and above | −0.212 | 0.240 | 0.778 | 0.809 (0.505–1.296) | 0.378 | |
| Monthly income>1000 yuan | −0.251 | 0.200 | 1.571 | 0.778 (0.526–1.152) | 0.210 | |
| Chronic disease = yes | 0.083 | 0.168 | 0.241 | 1.086 (0.781–1.511) | 0.624 | |
| Number of diseases | 0.020 | 0.081 | 0.058 | 1.020 (0.870–1.196) | 0.810 | |
| GAD-7 score | −0.049 | 0.031 | 2.539 | 0.952 (0.897–1.196) | 0.111 | |
| Time rowhead | ||||||
| Wave 1 | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | Ref. | - | |
| Wave 2 | 0.605 | 0.062 | 95.313 | 1.831 (1.622–2.068) | <0.001 | |
| Wave 3 | 0.847 | 0.067 | 160.142 | 2.332 (2.045–2.659) | <0.001 | |
Note: PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire 9-Item; GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-Item.
a
Linear Scale Response GEE model was used.