Table 2.
Univariate analysis of the willingness to use mobile health devices (n=21,897).
| Variables | β (95% CI) | P value | ||||
| Individual characteristics level | ||||||
|
|
Age group (years) | |||||
|
|
|
12-17 | Reference | N/Aa | ||
|
|
|
18-44 | −3.39 (–4.54 to −2.23) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
45-64 | −6.30 (−7.54 to −5.07) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
≥65 | −9.51 (−10.92 to −8.10) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Sex | |||||
|
|
|
Male | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
Female | 2.24 (1.57 to 2.91) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Education level | |||||
|
|
|
Junior high school and below | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
Senior school and middle special school | 3.27 (2.36 to 4.17) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
Junior college | 1.14 (–0.01 to 2.29) | .05 | ||
|
|
|
Bachelor’s degree and above | 5.65 (4.82 to 6.48) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Whether being overweight | |||||
|
|
|
No | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
Yes | −1.41 (−2.17 to −0.65) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Whether having diagnosed chronic disease | |||||
|
|
|
No | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
Yes | −3.67 (−4.43 to −2.90) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Personality traits scores | |||||
|
|
|
Extraversion | 1.22 (1.01 to 1.42) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
Agreeableness | 1.45 (1.22 to 1.68) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
Conscientiousness | .40 (0.20 to 0.60) | .001 | ||
|
|
|
Neuroticism | −.55 (−0.77 to −0.34) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
Openness | 2.10 (1.88 to 2.31) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
Self-efficacy scores | 1.78 (1.64 to 1.91) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
Health literacy scores | 1.10 (1.04 to 1.17) | <.001 | ||
| Individual behaviors level | ||||||
|
|
Whether smoking | |||||
|
|
|
No | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
Yes | −3.44 (−4.38 to −2.50) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Whether drinking | |||||
|
|
|
No | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
Drank before 30 days | −.75 (−1.89 to 0.40) | .20 | ||
|
|
|
Drank in 30 days | .70 (−0.14 to 1.54) | .10 | ||
|
|
Anxiety | |||||
|
|
|
No anxiety | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
Mild anxiety | −2.88 (−3.62 to −2.13) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
Moderate anxiety | −5.96 (−7.22 to −4.71) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
Moderate to severe anxiety | −3.22 (−4.87 to −1.56) | .001 | ||
|
|
|
Severe anxiety | .46 (−2.23 to 3.15) | .74 | ||
|
|
Depression | |||||
|
|
|
No depression | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
Mild depression | −3.35 (−4.11 to −2.58) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
Moderate depression | −5.11 (−6.15 to −4.08) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
Moderate to severe depression | −5.80 (−7.21 to −4.40) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
Severe depression | −.21 (−2.42 to 2.00) | .85 | ||
|
|
Basal metabolic time per week (minute) | 0 (0) | <.001 | |||
|
|
Quality of life scale scores | .85 (0.69 to 1.01) | <.001 | |||
|
|
EQ VASb scores | .35 (0.34 to 0.37) | <.001 | |||
| Interpersonal networks level | ||||||
|
|
Marital status | |||||
|
|
|
Have no partner | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
Have a partner | −3.16 (−3.83 to −2.48) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Number of siblings | |||||
|
|
|
0 | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
1 | −.89 (−1.81 to 0.04) | .06 | ||
|
|
|
2 | −2.80 (−3.80 to −1.80) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
≥3 | −3.36 (−4.25 to −2.46) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Whether living alone | |||||
|
|
|
No | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
Yes | −1.93 (−2.89 to −0.98) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Neighbor relations (scores) | 4.32 (4.05 to 4.58) | <.001 | |||
|
|
Perceived social support scores | 1.32 (1.24 to 1.41) | <.001 | |||
|
|
Family health scores | .73 (0.68 to 0.78) | <.001 | |||
|
|
Family communication scores | .43 (0.39 to 0.47) | <.001 | |||
| Community level | ||||||
|
|
Career status | |||||
|
|
|
Student | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
Have no job | −7.86 (−8.78 to −6.94) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
Have a job | −3.95 (−4.73 to −3.17) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Urban-rural distribution | |||||
|
|
|
Urban | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
Rural | −3.34 (−4.07 to −2.62) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Whether family being in debt | |||||
|
|
|
No | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
Yes | 1.64 (0.95 to 2.33) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Number of house properties | |||||
|
|
|
0 | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
1 | 1.94 (0.86 to 3.02) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
2 | 4.92 (3.68 to 6.16) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
≥3 | 8.30 (6.69 to 9.91) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Household per capita monthly income (CNYc ￥ 1 [US $1.147]) | |||||
|
|
|
≤3000 | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
3001-6000 | 2.42 (1.64 to 3.20) | <.001 | ||
|
|
|
≥6001 | 6.12 (5.24 to 6.99) | <.001 | ||
|
|
Family social status (scores) | 2.80 (2.55 to 3.06) | <.001 | |||
| Policy level | ||||||
|
|
Medical insurance type | |||||
|
|
|
Self-pay | Reference | N/A | ||
|
|
|
Resident basic medical insurance | 1.10 (−0.20 to 2.39) | .10 | ||
|
|
|
Employee basic medical insurance | 1.29 (−0.12 to 2.69) | .07 | ||
|
|
|
Commercial and multiple insurance | 4.95 (3.48 to 6.43) | <.001 | ||
aN/A: not applicable.
bEQ VAS: EuroQol Visual Analogue Scale.
cCNY: Chinese Yuan.