Table 1.
Characteristics of children, with and without autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
| Children, No. (%) or median (interquartile range) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
|
| |||
| Characteristics | Overall (n = 318750) | With ASD (n = 4559) | Without ASD (n = 314191) |
| Sex | |||
| Male (%) | 163 181 (51.2) | 3703 (81.2) | 159 428 (50.7) |
| Female (%) | 155 569 (49.8) | 856 (18.8) | 154 763 (49.3) |
| Follow-up year after birth, median [IQR*], years | 4.0 [4.0, 4.0.] | 3.0 [2.3, 3.7] | 4.0 [4.0, 4.0] |
| Maternal age at delivery, median [IQR*], years | 30.4 [26.3, 34.3] | 31.3 [27.5, 35.2] | 30.4 [26.2, 34.3] |
| Parity; N (%) 0 | 111 981 (35.1) | 1844 (40.4) | 110 137 (35.1) |
| 1 | 104 561 (32.8) | 1495 (32.8) | 103 066 (32.8) |
| >2 | 84 176 (26.4) | 903 (19.8) | 83 273 (26.5) |
| Unknown | 18 032 (5.7) | 317 (7.0) | 17 715 (5.6) |
| Maternal Education; N (%) | |||
| High school or lower | 112 096 (35.2) | 1335 (29.3) | 110 761 (35.3) |
| Some college | 94 524 (29.7) | 1477 (32.4) | 93 047 (29.6) |
| College graduate or higher | 109 087 (34.2) | 1713 (37.6) | 107 374 (34.2) |
| Unknown | 3043 (1.0) | 43 (0.7) | 3009 (1.0) |
| Household annual incomea; N (%) | |||
| <$30,000 | 24 027 (7.5) | 325 (7.1) | 23 710 (7.5) |
| $30,000-$49,999 | 100 575 (31.6) | 1436 (31.5) | 99 139 (31.6) |
| $50,000-$69,999 | 98 015 (30.7) | 1415 (31.0) | 96 593 (30.7) |
| $70,000-$89,999 | 55 611 (17.4) | 801 (17.5) | 54 816 (17.4) |
| > $90,000 | 40 512 (12.7) | 582 (12.8) | 39 933 (12.7) |
| Race/ethnicity; N (%) | |||
| Non-Hispanic white | 81 050 (25.4) | 956 (21.0) | 80 094 (25.5) |
| Non-Hispanic black | 29 773 (9.3) | 477 (9.8) | 29 326 (9.3) |
| Hispanic | 161 414 (50.6) | 2300 (50.4) | 159 114 (50.6) |
| Asian/Pacific Islander | 39 974 (12.5) | 744 (16.3) | 39 230 (12.5) |
| Other | 6539 (2.1) | 112 (2.5) | 6427 (2.0) |
| Any history of maternal comorbidityb; N (%) | 46 717 (14.6) | 839 (18.4) | 45 878 (14.6) |
| Pre-pregnancy diabetesc; N (%) | 10 248 (3.2) | 242 (5.3) | 10 006 (3.2) |
| Pre-pregnancy obesityd; N (%) | 53 354 (16.7) | 1049 (23.0) | 52 305 (16.6) |
| Year of birth, N (%) | |||
| 2001–2007 | 152 750 (47.9) | 1802 (39.5) | 164 198 (52.2) |
| 2008–2014 | 166 000 (52.1) | 2757 (60.5) | 149 993 (47.2) |
*
Abbreviations: IQR, interquartile range.
a
Census tract level median household income.
b
>=1 diagnosis of heart, lung, kidney, or liver disease; cancer.
c
Type I and Type II diabetes diagnosed before pregnancy.
d
Pre-pregnancy BMI>=30.