Table II.
Demographic and clinical characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2–positive PCR and serology cohorts
| Characteristics | SARS-CoV-2 infection (N = 34 251) | SARS-CoV-2 PCR cohort (N = 131 537)∗ | SARS-CoV-2 serology cohort (N = 2714) | SMD (P value) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age at cohort entrance, y, mean (SD) | 8.7 (6.0) | 8.7 (6.0) | 9.5 (5.6) | |
| Age at cohort entrance, y, n (%) | ||||
| 0-4 | 46 722 (35) | 45 959 (35) | 763 (28) | 0.18 (<.001) |
| 5-11 | 43 109 (32) | 42 179 (32) | 930 (34) | |
| 12-15 | 23 862 (18) | 23 234 (18) | 628 (23) | |
| 16-20 | 20 558 (15) | 20 165 (15) | 393 (15) | |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 65 101 (48) | 63 836 (49) | 1265 (47) | 0.04 (.05) |
| Male | 69 138 (52) | 67 689 (51) | 1449 (53) | |
| Race/ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Hispanic | 25 230 (19) | 24 733 (19) | 497 (18) | 0.26 (<.001) |
| Non-Hispanic White | 60 252 (45) | 58 746 (45) | 1506 (55) | |
| Non-Hispanic Black/African American | 25 900 (19) | 25 549 (19) | 351 (13) | |
| Non-Hispanic Asian/Pacific Islander | 4534 (3) | 4452 (3) | 82 (3) | |
| Other/unknown | 12 904 (10) | 12 739 (10) | 165 (6) | |
| Multiple | 5431 (4) | 5318 (4) | 113 (4) | |
| Health institution, n (%) | ||||
| A | 29 009 (22) | 28 389 (22) | 620 (23) | 0.49 (<.001) |
| B | 28 807 (22) | 28 577 (22) | 230 (9) | |
| C | 21 645 (16) | 21 280 (16) | 365 (13) | |
| D | 6787 (5) | 6545 (5) | 242 (9) | |
| E | 23 172 (17) | 22 668 (17) | 504 (19) | |
| F | 15 308 (11) | 14 907 (11) | 401 (15) | |
| G | 3213 (2) | 2983 (2) | 230 (8) | |
| H | 6310 (5) | 6188 (5) | 122 (4) | |
| Chronic conditions, n (%) | ||||
| None | 101 899 (76) | 100 184 (76) | 1715 (63) | 0.44 (<.001) |
| Noncomplex | 17 627 (13) | 17 369 (13) | 258 (10) | |
| Complex | 14 725 (11) | 13 984 (11) | 741 (27) | |
| Period of cohort entrance, n (%) | ||||
| March 2020-June 2020 | 2999 (2) | 2944 (2) | 55 (2) | 0.44 (<.001) |
| July 2020-October 2020 | 9029 (7) | 8832 (7) | 197 (7) | |
| November 2020-February 2021 | 31 239 (23) | 30 505 (23) | 734 (27) | |
| March 2021-June 2021 | 10 526 (8) | 10 017 (8) | 509 (19) | |
| July 2021-December 15, 2021 | 30 489 (23) | 29 870 (23) | 619 (23) | |
| December 16, 2021-April 20,2022 | 49 969 (37) | 49 369 (37) | 600 (22) | |
| Test location, n (%) | ||||
| Emergency department | 28 894 (21) | 28 244 (22) | 650 (24) | 0.72 (<.001) |
| Inpatient | 3389 (3) | 2745 (2) | 644 (24) | |
| Outpatient | 101 952 (76) | 100 532 (76) | 1420 (52) | |
| Diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
| MIS-C | 877 (1) | 253 (<1) | 624 (23) | 0.82 (<.001) |
| COVID-19 (no MIS-C) | 96 466 (72) | 95 230 (72) | 1236 (45) | |
| No COVID-19 or MIS-C | 36 908 (27) | 36 054 (28) | 854 (32) |
SMD was used to measure the effect size between the PCR and serology positive cohorts and may be interpreted as equivalent to a z-score of a standard normal distribution. An SMD >0.2 was considered clinically meaningful. The higher the SMD, the larger the effect size.
∗
Patients included in the PCR cohort could have a serology test performed as well.