Table 1.
Characteristics of PINE Study Participants by the Presence of Any Suicidal Ideation.
| No suicidal ideation (n = 2,825) | Any suicidal ideation (n = 297) | p | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, n (%) | ||||
| 60–69 | 1,208 (42.6) | 113 (38.1) | ||
| 70–79 | 1,039 (36.7) | 116 (39.1) | ||
| 80 and above | 588 (20.7) | 68 (22.9) | .31 | |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 1,224 (43.2) | 64 (21.6) | ||
| Female | 1,611 (56.8) | 233 (78.5) | <.001 | |
| Education, n (%) | ||||
| 0 | 156 (5.5) | 29 (9.8) | ||
| 1–6 | 1,071 (37.9) | 102 (34.5) | ||
| 7–12 | 996 (35.3) | 105 (35.5) | ||
| 13–16 | 524 (18.6) | 51 (17.2) | ||
| 17 or above | 78 (2.8) | 9 (3.0) | .051 | |
| Income (US$), n (%) | ||||
| 0–4,999 | 926 (32.9) | 111 (37.6) | ||
| 5,000–9,999 | 1,466 (52.1) | 144 (48.8) | ||
| 10,000–14,999 | 277 (9.8) | 31 (10.5) | ||
| 15,000–19,999 | 64 (2.3) | 4 (1.4) | ||
| More than 20,000 | 82 (2.9) | 5 (1.7) | .34 | |
| Marital status, n (%) | ||||
| Married | 2,056 (72.7) | 165 (55.6) | ||
| Separated | 47 (1.7) | 10 (3.4) | ||
| Divorced | 66 (2.3) | 8 (2.7) | ||
| Widowed | 645 (22.8) | 113 (38.0) | ||
| Never married | 15 (0.5) | 1 (0.3) | <.001 | |
| Years in the United States, n (%) | ||||
| 0–10 | 762 (27.0) | 74 (25.0) | ||
| 11–20 | 872 (30.9) | 86 (29.1) | ||
| 21–30 | 698 (24.7) | 62 (21.0) | ||
| 31 and more | 490 (17.4) | 74 (25.0) | .012 | |
| Country of origin | ||||
| China | 264 (88.9) | 2,642 (93.2) | ||
| Others | 33 (11.1) | 193 (6.8) | .006 | |
| Living arrangement, n (%) | ||||
| Living alone | 582 (20.5) | 88 (29.6) | ||
| 1–2 | 1,432 (50.5) | 130 (43.7) | ||
| 3–4 | 435 (15.4) | 48 (16.2) | ||
| 5 and more | 385 (13.6) | 31 (10.4) | .002 | |
| Overall health status, n (%) | ||||
| Very good | 126 (4.4) | 13 (4.4) | ||
| Good | 1,026 (36.2) | 64 (21.6) | ||
| Fair | 1,202 (42.4) | 108 (36.4) | ||
| Poor | 481 (17.0) | 112 (37.7) | <.001 | |
| Quality of life, n (%) | ||||
| Very good | 187 (6.6) | 28 (9.4) | ||
| Good | 1,263 (44.6) | 113 (38.1) | ||
| Fair | 1,306 (46.1) | 137 (46.1) | ||
| Poor | 78 (2.8) | 19 (6.4) | <.001 | |
| Health changes over the past year, n (%) | ||||
| Improved | 239 (8.4) | 35 (11.8) | ||
| Same | 1,446 (51.0) | 81 (27.4) | ||
| Worsened | 1,149 (40.5) | 180 (60.8) | <.001 | |
Note. PINE = Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago.