Table 2.
Main characteristics of our two groups of patients.
| Variables | GROUP I - Uncontrolled resistant hypertension (N = 210) |
GROUP II - Controlled resistant hypertension (N = 69) |
p value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, year, mean, SD | 55.01 ± 9.96 | 55.08 ± 11.38 | 0.962 |
| Female, n (%) | 91 (42.9) | 21 (30.4) | 0.066 |
| Current smoker, n (%) | 105 (49.5) | 33 (47.8) | 0.806 |
| Diabetes, n(%) | 49 (23.1) | 16 (23.2) | 0.990 |
| BMI, kg/cm2, mean, SD | 28.50 ± 3.98 | 27.93 ± 3.82 | 0.311 |
| Glycemia, mg/dl, mean, SD | 103.86 ± 24.7 | 101.51 ± 22.51 | 0.503 |
| Creatinine, mg/dl, mean, SD | 0.98 ± 0.20 | 0.98 ± 0.21 | 0.985 |
| GFREPI, ml/min/1.73 m2, mean, SD | 86.73 ± 13.92 | 88.60 ± 14.08 | 0.376 |
| Uric acid, mg/dl, mean, SD | 5.52 ± 1.53 | 5.46 ± 1.29 | 0.840 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dl, mean, SD | 144.25 ± 70.18 | 138.62 ± 90.49 | 0.621 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dl, mean, SD | 208.71 ± 39.86 | 203.85 ± 41.79 | 0.420 |
| HDL cholesterol, mg/dl, mean, SD | 49.05 ± 13.14 | 49.91 ± 11.15 | 0.705 |
| Serum potassium, mEq/L, mean, SD | 4.33 ± 0.44 | 4.24 ± 0.43 | 0.207 |
| SBP at first visit, mmHg, mean, SD | 152.79 ± 17.91 | 144.29 ± 16.70 | 0.001 |
| DBP at first visit, mmHg, mean, SD | 82.81 ± 10.35 | 78.93 ± 10.22 | 0.007 |
| HR, bpm, mean, SD | 71.90 ± 11.73 | 69.23 ± 12.35 | 0.110 |
| SBP at last visit, mmHg, mean, SD | 151.59 ± 15.19 | 130.06 ± 6.58 | < 0.0001 |
| DBP at last visit, mmHg, mean, SD | 85.16 ± 9.33 | 77.41 ± 6.79 | < 0.0001 |
| Pulse pressure at first visit, mmHg, mean, SD | 69.98 ± 17.16 | 65.36 ± 14.74 | 0.046 |
| Pulse pressure at last visit, mmHg, mean, SD | 66.42 ± 14.54 | 52.64 ± 7.38 | < 0.0001 |
| Year of hypertension, mean, SD | 8.90 ± 7.99 | 8.06 ± 7.69 | 0.463 |
| Number of visits, mean, SD | 20.54 ± 10.63 | 19.75 ± 9.15 | 0.592 |
| Total therapy, number of drugs, mean, SD | 3.56 ± 0.67 | 3.61 ± 0.60 | 0.601 |
| Number of antihypertensive drugs at last visit, mean, SD | 4.25 ± 1.04 | 2.90 ± 1.00 | 0.016 |
| Follow-up years, mean, SD | 6.47 ± 2.78 | 6.44 ± 3.15 | 0.932 |
| CV events, n (%) | 24 (11.3) | 9 (13) | 0.699 |
| LVMha at first visit, g/m2.7, mean, SD | 53.15 ± 9.67 | 51.12 ± 8.12 | 0.117 |
| LVMha at last visit, g/m2.7, mean, SD | 52.99 ± 13.31 | 49.58 ± 9.17 | 0.049 |
| IMT max at first visit, mm, mean, SD | 1.74 ± 0.75 | 1.66 ± 0.74 | 0.453 |
| IMT max at last visit, mm, mean, SD | 2.22 ± 0.83 | 2.12 ± 0.85 | 0.405 |
| Creatinine at last visit, mg/dl, mean, SD | 1.09 ± 0.46 | 0.98 ± 0.25 | 0.050 |
| Delta GFREPI | −15.67 ± 20.83 | −9.16 ± 15.36 | 0.028 |
| Delta Pulse Pressure | −3.56 ± 14.20 | −12.72 ± 14.28 | < 0.0001 |
BMI= Body Mass Index; SBP= Systolic Blood Pressure; DBP= Diastolic Blood Pressure; GFREPI= glomerular filtration rate measured by the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation; HR= Heart Rate; IMT= Intima media Thickness; LVMha= Left Ventricular Mass height-adjusted