. 2023 Jan 16;110(2):273–283. doi: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.12.014

Table 1.

Study characteristics of discovery analyses

Reference	Study population	n	Exposure	Outcome	Sample	Covariates
Demerath et al.¹	Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC)	2,097	BMI	DNA methylation β-value	leukocytes	age, sex, study center, total white blood cell differentials, education, household income, cigarette smoking, current alcohol use, leisure physical activity, cell composition,³⁵ top 10 PCs of genetic relatedness and batch effects (row, plate number and chip number)
Geurts et al.⁵	Melbourne Collaborative Cohort Study (MCCS)	5,361	BMI Z score	DNA methylation M-values	dried blood spot, mononuclear cells, buffy coats	age, sex, smoking status, country of birth, sample type, cell composition,³⁵ and study, plate and chip included as random effects
Meeks et al.²	Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants (RODAM) study	547	BMI	DNA methylation M-values	whole blood	age, sex, recruitment site, cell composition,³⁵ hybridization batch, array position and first PC of genetic relatedness
Shah et al.⁶	Lothian Birth Cohort (LBC) and Lifelines DEEP	2,116	DNA methylation M-values	BMI Z score	whole blood	age, sex, batch effects, complete blood cell count adjusted for in sensitivity analyses
Sun et al.⁴	Bogalusa Heart Study (BHS)	1,485	BMI	DNA methylation β-value	whole blood	age, sex, current smoking status, cell composition³⁵ included as fixed effects with batch array as a random effect
Wahl et al.³	KORA, LOLIPOP, EPICOR	5,458	DNA methylation β-value	BMI	whole blood	top 20 PCs of control probes, cell composition,³⁵ age, sex, smoking status, physical activity index and alcohol consumption