. 2023 Feb 22;2023(2):CD013775. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013775.pub2

28. Alcohol consumption ‐ Studies undertaking multivariable regression analyses to determine the effect of alcohol consumption on progression to PDR.

Study	Study type	Time years	N at baseline	Adjustment factors	Effect estimate			P value	Comments
					Type	Value	95% CI
Type 1 diabetes
WESDR Moss 1994	Prospective cohort	4	996	HbA1c, DR severity at baseline.	OR	0.72^a 1.02^b	0.38 to 1.35 0.56 to 1.86
Type 2 diabetes
WESDR Moss 1994	Prospective cohort	4	1370	HbA1c, DR severity at baseline.	OR	1.10^a 1.55^b	0.36 to 3.41 0.73 to 3.30

BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DM: diabetes mellitus; DR: diabetic retinopathy; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin/haemoglobin A1c; HR: hazard ratio; NPDR: non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy; OR: odds ratio; PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy; RR: risk ratio; SBP: systolic blood pressure; vs: versus

^aAverage ^bRecent