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. 2023 Feb 22;2023(2):CD013775. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD013775.pub2

29. Type of diabetes ‐ Studies undertaking multivariable regression analyses to determine the effect of type of diabetes on progression to PDR.

Study Study type Time years  N at baseline Adjustment factors Effect estimate P value Comments
          Type Value 95% CI    
                   
Type 1 and 2 diabetes  
Janghorbani 2000 Retrospective cohort 5 3482 HbA1c, DM duration, SBP, and proteinuria RR 0.59a 0.48 to 0.71    
Keen 2001 Prospective cohort 8 4483 Duration of DM, sex, age, SBP, DBP, plasma cholesterol, BMI, smoking status, insulin treatment, vascular disease, renal disease OR 1.07a
0.53a,b 		 
 		  
 
 
 
 
 
Nonsignificant
< 0.01		  

BMI: body mass index; CI: confidence interval; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DM: diabetes mellitus; DR: diabetic retinopathy; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin/haemoglobin A1c; HR: hazard ratio; NPDR: non‐proliferative diabetic retinopathy; OR: odds ratio; PDR: proliferative diabetic retinopathy; RR: risk ratio; SBP: systolic blood pressure; vs: versus

aType 1 diabetes
bFasting plasma glucose included in model