FIGURE 8.

Effects of population and seasonal rearing conditions on resting metabolic rates (MR). (a) Resting MR were significantly increased in CR monarchs reared in autumn relative to summer, (b) while rearing season did not affect the resting MR of NA monarchs. (c) There was a significant effect of the interaction between population and rearing season on mass‐corrected resting MR (population × rearing, p = .004), with the maintenance of similar resting metabolic rates across seasonal rearing environments in NA but not in CR monarchs. Male and female data are plotted together, as the sexes did not differ in patterns of MR (Table 5).