Table 2.
Variables affecting type 2 diabetes self-management scores
| Variables | Type 2 diabetes self-management scores | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Total (n = 373) | Men (n = 172) | Women (n = 201) | |
| Education status | |||
| Literate* | 64.3 ± 17.3 | 76.7 ± 7.2 | 62.5 ± 17.7 |
| Primary school | 61.4 ± 5.5a,b | 58.4 ± 16.2c,d | 63.2 ± 14.8 |
| Secondary school | 68.3 ± 17.7a | 68.8 ± 18.4c | 67.7 ± 17.2 |
| High school | 67.0 ± 6.7 | 65.7 ± 17.7 | 69.6 ± 14.6 |
| Bachelor | 73.3 ± 12.0b | 75.5 ± 12.7d | 70.7 ± 11.0 |
| Postgraduate education* | 79.0 ± 14.1 | 79.0 ± 17.3 | 79 |
| Comorbidities | |||
| Yes | 64.1 ± 16.0a | 63.8 ± 17.8b | 64.3 ± 14.6c |
| No | 71.2 ± 16.7a | 71.4 ± 15.8b | 71.0 ± 18.0c |
| Presence of diabetes complications | |||
| Yes | 62.4 ± 17.1a | 61.8 ± 18.4b | 63.2 ± 15.6 |
| No | 67.8 ± 15.5a | 69.7 ± 15.8b | 66.6 ± 15.2 |
| Diabetes treatment method | |||
| Oral antidiabetic | 66.0 ± 15.6a,b | 69.5 ± 16.7f | 63.7 ± 14.4g,h |
| Insulin | 58.2 ± 16.0a,c,d | 56.8 ± 15.7f,k | 59.9 ± 16.2m,n |
| *Diet only | 66.4 ± 20.9 | 68.5 ± 23.6 | 63.4 ± 18.7 |
| Diet and physical activity only | 78.3 ± 11.7b,c,e | 77.3 ± 10.8k | 79.9 ± 13.4g,m |
| Combined medical therapy | 69.6 ± 14.0d,e | 64.8 ± 18.7 | 71.6 ± 11.2h,n |
| Dieting | |||
| Yes | 75.6 ± 12.5a | 76.8 ± 12.1b | 74.5 ± 12.9c |
| No | 58.9 ± 15.2a | 57.9 ± 16.6b | 59.7 ± 14.0c |
| BMI classification | |||
| *Underweight | 49.0 ± 8.6 | – | 49.0 ± 8.6 |
| Normal | 67.7 ± 18.4c | 68.2 ± 17.8 | 67.2 ± 19.2 |
| Overweight | 67.6 ± 16.1a | 67.5 ± 16.7b | 67.9 ± 15.2 |
| Obese | 61.8 ± 14.6a,c | 57.7 ± 17.7b | 63.3 ± 13.1 |
Within each variable, there are significant differences between groups with the same letter. Mann–Whitney U analysis was used for two group comparisons and Kruskal–Wallis analysis was applied for multiple groups. Bonferroni correction was made
*The number of subjects in the literate, postgraduate, underweight, and diet therapy only groups was too small, so they were not included in the analysis