Table 1.
Participant characteristics (N = 177)
| n | (%) | Range | Mean (SD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Male sex | 143 | 80.8 | ||
| Age (years) at inclusion | 177 | 4–18 | 12.3 (3.3) | |
| Age (years) at ASD diagnosis | 144 | 11.5 (3.3) | ||
| Current social impairment (SRS total) | 162 | 9–153 | 83.4 (29.8) | |
| Age (years) at cognitive testing | 168 | 4–18 | 10.0 (3.4) | |
| Nonverbal IQ | 161 | 59–142 | 102.5 (18.4) | |
| Verbal IQ | 163 | 53–124 | 91.4 (16.9) | |
| Early language milestones | ||||
| One word 1 year (no) | 32 | 22.2 | ||
| Two words 2 year (no) | 38 | 27.1 | ||
| Diagnoses | ||||
| ASD (F84) | 148 | 83.6 | ||
| Intellectual Disability (F70-79) | 8 | 4.6 | ||
| ADHD (F90) | 103 | 59.9 | ||
| Communication disorder (F80) | 7 | 4.1 | ||
| Specific learning disorder (F81 + F83) | 18 | 10.5 | ||
| Motor disorders (F82 + F95) | 27 | 15.7 | ||
| Epilepsy | 10 | 5.6 | ||
| Cerebral Palsy | 2 | 1.1 | ||
| Other NDD (F94) | 1 | 0.6 | ||
| No of NDDs | ||||
| 0 | 5 | 2.8 | ||
| 1 | 58 | 32.8 | ||
| ≥ 2 | 106 | 59.9 | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||
| European (Caucasian) | 157 | 88.7 | ||
Data are expressed as n (%) or mean (SD). The denominator for the reported proportions in this table excludes those with missing data. IQ was obtained from various age-appropriate standardized tests
ASD autism spectrum disorder, SRS Social Responsiveness Scale, NDD neurodevelopmental disorder