Table 5.
Participant characteristics by diagnostic group (N = 177)
| ASD (n = 148) | Non-ASD (n = 29) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | (%) | Mean (SD) | n | (%) | Mean (SD) | |
| Male sex | 119 | 80.4 | 24 | 82.8 | ||
| Age (years) at inclusion | 148 | 12.5 (3.2) | 29 | 11.0 (3.7) | ||
| Age (years) at ASD diagnosis | 144 | 11.5 (3.3) | ||||
| Autistic symptom severity | ||||||
| ADI-R nonverbal total | 66 | 22.2 (9.5) | 10 | 10.0 (10.6) | ||
| SCQ total | 94 | 15.8 (7.5) | 20 | 10.3 (8.2) | ||
| SRS raw total | 136 | 86.7 (27.7) | 26 | 66.2 (34.8) | ||
| Age (years) at cognitive testing | 142 | 10.0 (3.3) | 26 | 10.0 (3.7) | ||
| Nonverbal IQ | 137 | 102.7(18.4) | 24 | 101.6(19.0) | ||
| Verbal IQ | 138 | 90.8 (17.0) | 25 | 94.8 (15.9) | ||
| Early language milestones | ||||||
| One word 1 year (no) | 30 | 24.0 | 2 | 10.5 | ||
| Two words 2 year (no) | 31 | 25.6 | 7 | 36.8 | ||
| Diagnoses | ||||||
| Intellectual disability (F70-79) | 7 | 4.8 | 1 | 3.4 | ||
| ADHD (F90) | 86 | 59.3 | 17 | 63.0 | ||
| Communication disorder (F80) | 5 | 3.4 | 2 | 7.4 | ||
| Specific learning disorder (F81 + F83) | 12 | 8.3 | 6 | 22.2 | ||
| Motor disorders (F82 + F95) | 22 | 15.2 | 5 | 18.5 | ||
| Epilepsy | 8 | 5.4 | 2 | 6.9 | ||
| Cerebral palsy | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 3.6 | ||
| Other NDD (F94) | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | ||
| Motor disorders (F82 + F95) | 22 | 15.2 | 5 | 18.5 | ||
| Epilepsy | 8 | 5.4 | 2 | 6.9 | ||
| Cerebral Palsy | 1 | 0.7 | 1 | 3.6 | ||
| Other NDD (F94) | 1 | 0.7 | 0 | 0 | ||
| No of NDDs | ||||||
| 0 | 0 | 5 | 19.2 | |||
| 1 | 47 | 32.9 | 11 | 42.3 | ||
| ≥ 2 | 96 | 67.1 | 10 | 38.5 | ||
| Prematurity (yes) | 19 | 14.3 | 7 | 25.9 | ||
| Paternal age (years) | 97 | 32.3 (5.9) | 21 | 33.2 (6.3) | ||
| Maternal age (years) | 106 | 29.8 (5.2) | 25 | 29.4 (5.3) | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||
| European (Caucasian) | 129 | 89.0 | 28 | 100.0 | ||
Data are expressed as n (%) or mean (SD). The denominator for the reported proportions in this table excludes those with missing data. IQ was obtained from various age-appropriate standardized tests
ADI-R Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised, ASD autism spectrum disorder, SCQ Social Communication Questionnaire, SRS Social Responsiveness Scale, NDD neurodevelopmental disorder