. 2023 Jan 24;52(3):20220346. doi: 10.1259/dmfr.20220346

Table 8.

Descriptive statistics and results of two-way ANOVA test for comparison between the hypopharyngeal airway measurements of patients with different skeletal classes and facial growth patterns

Measurements	Facial growth	Class I Mean ± SD	Class II Mean ± SD	Class III Mean ± SD	Total Mean ± SD	Class	Facial growth	Class^*facial growth
	Hypodivergent	16.00 ± 2.95	15.85 ± 2.50	16.56 ± 3.43	16.14 ± 2.97^a		0.001^*	0.349
HP (A-P) mm	Normodivergent	15.83 ± 2.56	15.49 ± 2.96	16.36 ± 3.59	15.89 ± 3.06^a
	Hyperdivergent	15.58 ± 2.09	14.48 ± 2.23	14.54 ± 2.26	14.86 ± 2.24^b
	Total	15.81 ± 2.55	15.26 ± 2.63	15.82 ± 3.26	15.63 ± 2.83	0.215
	Hypodivergent	32.91 ± 3.68	31.43 ± 2.53	33.08 ± 5.32	32.48 ± 4.04		0.405	0.000^*
HP (L-R) mm	Normodivergent	32.19 ± 3.40	34.02 ± 2.64	32.87 ± 2.69	33.02 ± 3.01
	Hyperdivergent	30.78 ± 2.74	33.08 ± 3.03	34.31 ± 1.83	32.73 ± 2.95
	Total	31.98 ± 3.39^B	32.86 ± 2.93^A	33.42 ± 3.62^A	32.75 ± 3.37	0.002^*
	Hypodivergent	6008.64 ± 1364.34	5499.98 ± 1520.04	6142.57 ± 1742.64	5885.77 ± 1559.00^a		0.000^*	0.763
HP-V mm³	Normodivergent	5881.24 ± 1831.07	5889.05 ± 1489.70	5929.79 ± 2091.19	5899.88 ± 1806.07^a
	Hyperdivergent	4935.37 ± 1396.33	4586.18 ± 1099.62	4931.69 ± 1207.82	4813.95 ± 1239.28^b
	Total	5619.27 ± 1607.36	5317.64 ± 1475.60	5670.18 ± 1788.29	5535.19 ± 1630.84	0.184
	Hypodivergent	220.61 ± 45.97	194.29 ± 45.39	221.50 ± 42.39	212.27 ± 46.03^a		0.000^*	0.462
HP-A mm²	Normodivergent	209.65 ± 46.18	204.22 ± 46.76	212.41 ± 53.19	208.77 ± 48.51^a
	Hyperdivergent	182.91 ± 38.03	174.69 ± 31.23	183.99 ± 30.08	180.43 ± 33.25^b
	Total	204.74 ± 46.08^a	190.91 ± 43.09^b	206.02 ± 45.57^a	200.54 ± 45.33	0.012^*
	Hypodivergent	48.14 ± 24.45	43.48 ± 21.29	47.20 ± 17.67	46.30 ± 21.29^a		0.000^*	0.599
HP-MCA mm²	Normodivergent	50.27 ± 21.03	50.33 ± 27.59	48.67 ± 20.23	49.76 ± 22.99^a
	Hyperdivergent	34.52 ± 13.97	33.85 ± 17.86	40.60 ± 16.34	36.28 ± 16.32^b
	Total	44.46 ± 21.37	42.47 ± 23.42	45.51 ± 18.36	44.14 ± 21.15	0.530

*Significant at p ≤ 0.05

-mm (millimeters), mm² (square millimeters), and mm³ (cubic millimeters)

A, B, C superscripts in the same row indicate statistically significant difference between classes, a, b, c superscripts in the same column indicate statistically significant difference between facial growth.