Table 4.
Studies 3–11: LWA effects for both whole-sample and within-group (Liberals-only).
| Whole-sample LWA | Liberals-only LWA | |
|---|---|---|
| Perceived ecological threat (Study 3) | 0.15*** | 0.10*** |
| COVID threat sensitivity (Studies 4) | 0.15** | 0.09 |
| Desired restriction (Study 4) | 0.16** | 0.13* |
| Desired punishment (Studies 4) | 0.23*** | 0.09^ |
| Belief in a dangerous world (Study 5) | 0.42*** | 0.64*** |
| Trump threat sensitivity (Study 6) | 0.18*** | 0.25** |
| Restrictive communication norms (Study 7) | 0.19*** | 0.08 |
| Negative views/African Americans (Study 8)a | 0.50*** | 0.54*** |
| Negative Views/African Americans (Study 9)a | 0.58*** | 0.67*** |
| Negative views/Jews (Study 8)a | 0.42*** | 0.37*** |
| Negative views/Jews (Study 9)a | 0.39** | 0.47** |
| Dogmatism (Study 10a) | 0.29*** | 0.39*** |
| Dogmatism (Study 10b) | 0.42*** | 0.40*** |
| Modern racism/Relig. minorities (Study 10a) | 0.53*** | 0.60*** |
| Modern racism/Relig. minorities (Study 10b) | 0.62*** | 0.64*** |
| Attitude strength (Study 10a) | 0.09 | 0.39*** |
| Attitude strength (Study 10b) | 0.06 | 0.41*** |
| Dogmatism (Study 11) | 0.21*** | 0.29*** |
| Need for closure (Study 11) | 0.23*** | 0.11^ |
| AVERAGE EFFECT SIZE | 0.30 *** | 0.35 *** |
All metrics = standardized betas. Across-Group LWA correlations always control for political ideology (every study) + any available demographic factors. aReverse-scored and re-named so that positive correlations always equal the conceptually-expected direction for LWA.
***
p < = 0.001;
**
p < = 0.01;
*
p < = 0.05;
^
p < = 0.15.