Table 5.

Construct validity of a measure of the willingness to use mHealth tools for pandemic-related screening and tracking based on correlations with preventive behaviors, digital communication with friends and family before and after the spread of COVID-19 in the United States, and willingness to provide biological specimens for COVID-19–related testing (N=2179).

Behavioral responses to COVID-19	ra	SE	P value	RMSEAb	CFIc	SRMRd
Canceled a doctor appointment	0.180	0.039	<.001	0.009	1.000	0.006
Worn a face mask	0.313	0.041	<.001	<0.001	1.000	0.002
Visited a doctor or hospital	0.027	0.050	.60	0.022	1.000	0.013
Canceled or postponed work activities	0.207	0.039	<.001	<0.001	1.000	0.005
Canceled or postponed school activities	0.111	0.044	.01	0.010	1.000	0.007
Canceled or postponed dentist or other appointments	0.227	0.037	<.001	0.034	1.000	0.010
Canceled outside housekeepers or caregivers	0.182	0.050	<.001	0.031	1.000	0.014
Avoided some or all restaurants	0.330	0.038	<.001	<0.001	1.000	0.003
Worked from home	0.132	0.039	.001	0.011	1.000	0.007
Studied at home	0.065	0.048	.18	0.011	1.000	0.009
Canceled or postponed pleasure, social, or recreational activities	0.258	0.040	<.001	0.013	1.000	0.006
Stockpiled food or water	0.242	0.039	<.001	0.017	1.000	0.007
Avoided public or crowded places	0.329	0.043	<.001	<0.001	1.000	0.005
Prayed	0.070	0.039	.07	<0.001	1.000	0.005
Avoided contact with high-risk people	0.248	0.038	<.001	<0.001	1.000	0.004
Washed or sanitized hands	0.240	0.54	<.001	<0.001	1.000	0.002
Kept a 6-foot distance from those outside my household/your household	0.282	0.050	<.001	<0.001	1.000	0.001
Stayed home because I felt unwell/you felt unwell	0.207	0.050	<.001	<0.001	1.000	0.011
Wiped packages entering my home/your home	0.297	0.036	<.001	0.016	1.000	0.007
After COVID-19 began spreading in the United States in March 2020: frequency of communications with friends and family by phone, text, email, app, or the internet in the past month	0.110	0.036	.002	<0.001	1.000	0.003
Before COVID-19 began to spread in the United States in March 2020: frequency of communications with friends and family by phone, text, email, app, or the internet in a typical month	0.040	0.035	.26	<0.001	1.000	0.001
Willingness to get tested for COVID-19 infection using a Q-tip to swab your cheek or nose	0.709	0.017	<.001	0.044	0.999	0.005
Willingness to get tested for immunity or resistance to COVID-19 by drawing a small amount of blood	0.684	0.019	<.001	0.022	1.000	0.004

^aStandardized covariance.

^bRMSEA: root mean square error of approximation.

^cCFI: comparative fit index.

^dSRMR: standardized root mean square residual.